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Attention mechanism has been used as an ancillary means to help RNN or CNN. However, the Transformer (Vaswani et al., 2017) recently recorded the state-of-the-art performance in machine translation with a dramatic reduction in training time…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-12-07 Jinbae Im , Sungzoon Cho

In this paper, we tackle the high computational overhead of Transformers for efficient image super-resolution~(SR). Motivated by the observations of self-attention's inter-layer repetition, we introduce a convolutionized self-attention…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Dongheon Lee , Seokju Yun , Youngmin Ro

While convolutional neural networks have shown a tremendous impact on various computer vision tasks, they generally demonstrate limitations in explicitly modeling long-range dependencies due to the intrinsic locality of the convolution…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-06 Guanglei Yang , Hao Tang , Mingli Ding , Nicu Sebe , Elisa Ricci

Recurrent sequence generators conditioned on input data through an attention mechanism have recently shown very good performance on a range of tasks in- cluding machine translation, handwriting synthesis and image caption gen- eration. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-06-25 Jan Chorowski , Dzmitry Bahdanau , Dmitriy Serdyuk , Kyunghyun Cho , Yoshua Bengio

Transformer-based methods have shown impressive performance in image restoration tasks, such as image super-resolution and denoising. However, we find that these networks can only utilize a limited spatial range of input information through…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Xiangyu Chen , Xintao Wang , Wenlong Zhang , Xiangtao Kong , Yu Qiao , Jiantao Zhou , Chao Dong

When tasks change over time, meta-transfer learning seeks to improve the efficiency of learning a new task via both meta-learning and transfer-learning. While the standard attention has been effective in a variety of settings, we question…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Jaesik Yoon , Gautam Singh , Sungjin Ahn

Transformer-based models have emerged as one of the most widely used architectures for natural language processing, natural language generation, and image generation. The size of the state-of-the-art models has increased steadily reaching…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Rya Sanovar , Srikant Bharadwaj , Renee St. Amant , Victor Rühle , Saravan Rajmohan

Programming-based Pre-trained Language Models (PPLMs) such as CodeBERT have achieved great success in many downstream code-related tasks. Since the memory and computational complexity of self-attention in the Transformer grow quadratically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-30 Tingting Liu , Chengyu Wang , Cen Chen , Ming Gao , Aoying Zhou

We present Prompt Cache, an approach for accelerating inference for large language models (LLM) by reusing attention states across different LLM prompts. Many input prompts have overlapping text segments, such as system messages, prompt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-26 In Gim , Guojun Chen , Seung-seob Lee , Nikhil Sarda , Anurag Khandelwal , Lin Zhong

Transformers, and the attention mechanism in particular, have become ubiquitous in machine learning. Their success in modeling nonlocal, long-range correlations has led to their widespread adoption in natural language processing, computer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Edoardo Calvello , Nikola B. Kovachki , Matthew E. Levine , Andrew M. Stuart

Transformer hugely benefits from its key design of the multi-head self-attention network (SAN), which extracts information from various perspectives through transforming the given input into different subspaces. However, its simple linear…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-01 Sufeng Duan , Juncheng Cao , Hai Zhao

Attention mechanisms have become integral in AI, significantly enhancing model performance and scalability by drawing inspiration from human cognition. Concurrently, the Attention Schema Theory (AST) in cognitive science posits that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Krati Saxena , Federico Jurado Ruiz , Guido Manzi , Dianbo Liu , Alex Lamb

Recurrent Neural Networks were, until recently, one of the best ways to capture the timely dependencies in sequences. However, with the introduction of the Transformer, it has been proven that an architecture with only attention-mechanisms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-19 Radostin Cholakov , Todor Kolev

Transformers have demonstrated strong performance across a wide range of sequence modeling tasks, but their quadratic attention complexity limits scalability to long sequences. Linear models such as Mamba and sliding-window attention (SWA)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Aref Jafari , Yuhe Fan , Benyamin Jamialahmadi , Parsa Farinneya , Boxing Chen , Marzieh S. Tahaei

Several mechanisms to focus attention of a neural network on selected parts of its input or memory have been used successfully in deep learning models in recent years. Attention has improved image classification, image captioning, speech…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-08 Łukasz Kaiser , Samy Bengio

Self-attention network, an attention-based feedforward neural network, has recently shown the potential to replace recurrent neural networks (RNNs) in a variety of NLP tasks. However, it is not clear if the self-attention network could be a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-02-19 Linhao Dong , Feng Wang , Bo Xu

The transformer architecture and variants presented remarkable success across many machine learning tasks in recent years. This success is intrinsically related to the capability of handling long sequences and the presence of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-15 Luckeciano C. Melo

Recently, many plug-and-play self-attention modules are proposed to enhance the model generalization by exploiting the internal information of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Previous works lay an emphasis on the design of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Zhongzhan Huang , Senwei Liang , Mingfu Liang , Wei He , Haizhao Yang

Recently, transformer-based methods have demonstrated impressive results in various vision tasks, including image super-resolution (SR), by exploiting the self-attention (SA) for feature extraction. However, the computation of SA in most…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Xindong Zhang , Hui Zeng , Shi Guo , Lei Zhang

A sequence-to-sequence model is a neural network module for mapping two sequences of different lengths. The sequence-to-sequence model has three core modules: encoder, decoder, and attention. Attention is the bridge that connects the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-24 Andros Tjandra , Sakriani Sakti , Satoshi Nakamura