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WebAssembly (WASM) is an immensely versatile and increasingly popular compilation target. It executes applications written in several languages (e.g., C/C++) with near-native performance in various domains (e.g., mobile, edge, cloud).…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Martin Fink , Dimitrios Stavrakakis , Dennis Sprokholt , Soham Chakraborty , Jan-Erik Ekberg , Pramod Bhatotia

All major web browsers now support WebAssembly, a low-level bytecode intended to serve as a compilation target for code written in languages like C and C++. A key goal of WebAssembly is performance parity with native code; previous work…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-04-30 Abhinav Jangda , Bobby Powers , Emery Berger , Arjun Guha

WebAssembly (Wasm), as a compact, fast, and isolation-guaranteed binary format, can be compiled from more than 40 high-level programming languages. However, vulnerabilities in Wasm binaries could lead to sensitive data leakage and even…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Ningyu He , Zhehao Zhao , Hanqin Guan , Jikai Wang , Shuo Peng , Ding Li , Haoyu Wang , Xiangqun Chen , Yao Guo

In recent years, stealthy Android malware has increasingly adopted sophisticated techniques to bypass automatic detection mechanisms and harden manual analysis. Adversaries typically rely on obfuscation, anti-repacking, steganography,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Diego Soi , Silvia Lucia Sanna , Lorenzo Pisu , Leonardo Regano , Giorgio Giacinto

WebAssembly (abbreviated Wasm) has emerged as a cornerstone of web development, offering a compact binary format that allows high-performance applications to run at near-native speeds in web browsers. Despite its advantages, Wasm's binary…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Xinyu She , Yanjie Zhao , Haoyu Wang

WebAssembly (Wasm) is a low-level bytecode language and virtual machine, intended as a compilation target for a wide range of programming languages, which is seeing increasing adoption across diverse ecosystems. As a young technology, Wasm…

In this paper, we present the design of Owi, a symbolic interpreter for WebAssembly written in OCaml, and how we used it to create a state-of-the-art tool to find bugs in programs combining C and Rust code. WebAssembly (Wasm) is a binary…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Léo Andrès , Filipe Marques , Arthur Carcano , Pierre Chambart , José Fragoso Santos , Jean-Christophe Filliâtre

WebAssembly is the new low-level language for the web and has now been implemented in all major browsers since over a year. To ensure the security, performance, and correctness of future web applications, there is a strong need for dynamic…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2018-09-03 Daniel Lehmann , Michael Pradel

WebAssembly (Wasm) is a compact, well-specified bytecode format that offers a portable compilation target with near-native execution speed. The bytecode format was specifically designed to be fast to parse, validate, and compile,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-05-04 Ben L. Titzer

Software development teams generally welcome any effort to expose bugs in their code base. In this work, we build on the hypothesis that mobile apps from the same category (e.g., two web browser apps) may be affected by similar bugs in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Xunzhu Tang , Haoye Tian , Pingfan Kong , Kui Liu , Jacques Klein , Tegawendé F. Bissyande

WebAssembly (Wasm) is a binary instruction format that enables portable, sandboxed, and near-native execution across heterogeneous platforms, making it well-suited for serverless workflow execution on browsers, edge nodes, and cloud…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Mario Colosi , Reza Farahani , Lauri Loven , Radu Prodan , Massimo Villari

Browser fingerprinting defenses have historically focused on detecting JavaScript(JS)-based tracking techniques. However, the widespread adoption of WebAssembly (WASM) introduces a potential blind spot, as adversaries can convert JS to…

WebAssembly is a low-level bytecode language that allows high-level languages like C, C++, and Rust to be executed in the browser at near-native performance. In recent years, WebAssembly has gained widespread adoption is now natively…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Håkon Harnes , Donn Morrison

WebAssembly (Wasm for short) brings a new, powerful capability to the web as well as Edge, IoT, and embedded systems. Wasm is a portable, compact binary code format with high performance and robust sandboxing properties. As Wasm…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Doehyun Baek , Jakob Getz , Yusung Sim , Daniel Lehmann , Ben L. Titzer , Sukyoung Ryu , Michael Pradel

The increasing heterogeneity of hardware and software in the Internet of Things (IoT) poses a major challenge for the portability, maintainability and deployment of software on devices with limited resources. WebAssembly (WASM), originally…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Mislav Has , Tao Xiong , Fehmi Ben Abdesslem , Mario Kušek

WebAssembly is a growing technology to build cross-platform applications. We aim to understand the security issues that developers encounter when adopting WebAssembly. We mined WebAssembly questions on Stack Overflow and identified 359…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Pascal Marc André , Quentin Stiévenart , Mohammad Ghafari

Web applications increasingly face evasive and polymorphic attack payloads, yet traditional web application firewalls (WAFs) based on static rule sets such as the OWASP Core Rule Set (CRS) often miss obfuscated or zero-day patterns without…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Heba Osama , Omar Elebiary , Youssef Qassim , Mohamed Amgad , Ahmed Maghawry , Ahmed Saafan , Haitham Ghalwash

WebAssembly (Wasm) is rapidly gaining popularity as a distribution format for software components embedded in various security-critical domains. Unfortunately, despite its prudent design, WebAssembly's primary use case as a compilation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Markus Scherer , Jeppe Fredsgaard Blaabjerg , Alexander Sjösten , Matteo Maffei

Recently, the WebAssembly (or Wasm) technology has been rapidly evolving, with many runtimes actively under development, providing cross-platform secure sandboxes for Wasm modules to run as portable containers. Compared with Docker, which…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Zhaofeng Yu , Dongyang Zhan , Lin Ye , Haining Yu , Hongli Zhang , Zhihong Tian

WebAssembly's (Wasm) monolithic linear memory model facilitates memory corruption attacks that can escalate to cross-site scripting in browsers or go undetected when a malicious host tampers with a module's state. Existing defenses rely on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Oussama Draissi , Mark Günzel , Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi , Lucas Davi