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Geographic experiments are a widely-used methodology for measuring incremental return on ad spend (iROAS) at scale, yet their design presents significant challenges. The unit count is small, heterogeneity is large, and the optimal Supergeo…

Applications · Statistics 2025-12-01 Charles Shaw

Matched-pair experimental designs aim to detect treatment effects by pairing participants and comparing within-pair outcome differences. In many situations, the overall effect size across the entire population is small. Then, the focus…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Weizhi Li , Gautam Dasarathy , Visar Berisha

How to measure the incremental Return On Ad Spend (iROAS) is a fundamental problem for the online advertising industry. A standard modern tool is to run randomized geo experiments, where experimental units are non-overlapping ad-targetable…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-05-21 Aiyou Chen , Marco Longfils , Nicolas Remy

In a geographic experiment to measure advertising effectiveness, some regions (hereafter GEOs) get increased advertising while others do not. This paper looks at running $B>1$ such experiments simultaneously on $B$ different brands in $G$…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-12-05 Art B. Owen , Tristan Launay

We investigate the optimal design of experimental studies that have pre-treatment outcome data available. The average treatment effect is estimated as the difference between the weighted average outcomes of the treated and control units. A…

In this paper we revisit some common recommendations regarding the analysis of matched-pair and stratified experimental designs in the presence of attrition. Our main objective is to clarify a number of well-known claims about the practice…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-10-20 Yuehao Bai , Meng Hsuan Hsieh , Jizhou Liu , Max Tabord-Meehan

We describe a new family of coupling designs, extending the basic principle of stratified randomization to experiments with continuous, constrained multivariate, text/image and other irregular treatment spaces. Our approach is to first…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-04-14 Max Cytrynbaum , Fredrik Sävje

Over the past few decades, neuroscience experiments have become increasingly complex and naturalistic. Experimental design has in turn become more challenging, as experiments must conform to an ever-increasing diversity of design…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2020-12-07 Storm Slivkoff , Jack L. Gallant

Matching is an important tool in causal inference. The method provides a conceptually straightforward way to make groups of units comparable on observed characteristics. The use of the method is, however, limited to situations where the…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-06-18 Fredrik Sävje , Michael J. Higgins , Jasjeet S. Sekhon

Generalised planning (GP) refers to the task of synthesising programs that solve families of related planning problems. We introduce a novel, yet simple method for GP: given a set of training problems, for each problem, compute an optimal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Dillon Z. Chen , Till Hofmann , Toryn Q. Klassen , Sheila A. McIlraith

Merging has become a widespread way to cheaply combine individual models into a single model that inherits their capabilities and attains better performance. This popularity has spurred rapid development of many new merging methods, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Derek Tam , Yash Kant , Brian Lester , Igor Gilitschenski , Colin Raffel

We present a new experimental design procedure that divides a set of experimental units into two groups in order to minimize error in estimating an additive treatment effect. One concern is minimizing error at the experimental design stage…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-02-02 Abba M. Krieger , David Azriel , Adam Kapelner

Linear mixed models are able to handle an extraordinary range of complications in regression-type analyses. Their most common use is to account for within-subject correlation in longitudinal data analysis. They are also the standard vehicle…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-06-13 Y. Zhao , J. Staudenmayer , B. A. Coull , M. P. Wand

A basic feature of many field experiments is that investigators are only able to randomize clusters of individuals--such as households, communities, firms, medical practices, schools or classrooms--even when the individual is the unit of…

Methodology · Statistics 2009-10-21 Kosuke Imai , Gary King , Clayton Nall

We present a unified deterministic approach for experimental design problems using the method of interlacing polynomials. Our framework recovers the best-known approximation guarantees for the well-studied D/A/E-design problems with simple…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Lap Chi Lau , Robert Wang , Hong Zhou

This article studies the benefits of using spatially randomized experimental designs which partition the experimental area into distinct, non-overlapping units with treatments assigned randomly. Such designs offer improved policy evaluation…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-18 Ying Yang , Chengchun Shi , Fang Yao , Shouyang Wang , Hongtu Zhu

The distribution shifts between training and test data typically undermine the performance of models. In recent years, lots of work pays attention to domain generalization (DG) where distribution shifts exist, and target data are unseen.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-05 Wang Lu , Jindong Wang , Yidong Wang , Xing Xie

Estimation of density functions supported on general domains arises when the data is naturally restricted to a proper subset of the real space. This problem is complicated by typically intractable normalizing constants. Score matching…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-09-25 Shiqing Yu , Mathias Drton , Ali Shojaie

Global optimization of decision trees is a long-standing challenge in combinatorial optimization, yet such models play an important role in interpretable machine learning. Although the problem has been investigated for several decades, only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Jiancheng Tu , Wenqi Fan , Zhibin Wu

Several Scientific and engineering applications require merging of sampled images for complex perception development. In most cases, for such requirements, images are merged at intensity level. Even though it gives fairly good perception of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2014-08-01 T. R. Gopalakrishnan Nair , Richa Sharma
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