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While the increased use of AI in the manufacturing sector has been widely noted, there is little understanding on the risks that it may raise in a manufacturing organisation. Although various high level frameworks and definitions have been…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Alexandra Brintrup , George Baryannis , Ashutosh Tiwari , Svetan Ratchev , Giovanna Martinez-Arellano , Jatinder Singh

Artificial intelligence risks are multidimensional in nature, as the same risk scenarios may have legal, operational, and financial risk dimensions. With the emergence of new AI regulations, the state of the art of artificial intelligence…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Luis Enriquez Alvarez

Safety frameworks represent a significant development in AI governance: they are the first type of publicly shared catastrophic risk management framework developed by major AI companies and focus specifically on AI scaling decisions. I…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Atoosa Kasirzadeh

As AI technologies increase in capability and ubiquity, AI accidents are becoming more common. Based on normal accident theory, high reliability theory, and open systems theory, we create a framework for understanding the risks associated…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Heather M. Williams , Roman V. Yampolskiy

Risk thresholds provide a measure of the level of risk exposure that a society or individual is willing to withstand, ultimately shaping how we determine the safety of technological systems. Against the backdrop of the Cold War, the first…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Heidy Khlaaf , Sarah Myers West

Researchers, government bodies, and organizations have been repeatedly calling for a shift in the responsible AI community from general principles to tangible and operationalizable practices in mitigating the potential sociotechnical harms…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Ravit Dotan , Borhane Blili-Hamelin , Ravi Madhavan , Jeanna Matthews , Joshua Scarpino

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has made impressive progress in recent years and represents a key technology that has a crucial impact on the economy and society. However, it is clear that AI and business models based on it can only reach…

The proposed European Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA) is the first attempt to elaborate a general legal framework for AI carried out by any major global economy. As such, the AIA is likely to become a point of reference in the larger…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-11-10 Jakob Mokander , Maria Axente , Federico Casolari , Luciano Floridi

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems can provide many beneficial capabilities but also risks of adverse events. Some AI systems could present risks of events with very high or catastrophic consequences at societal scale. The US National…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-02-24 Anthony M. Barrett , Dan Hendrycks , Jessica Newman , Brandie Nonnecke

This second update to the 2025 International AI Safety Report assesses new developments in general-purpose AI risk management over the past year. It examines how researchers, public institutions, and AI developers are approaching risk…

Artificial Intelligence Impact Assessments ("AIIAs"), a family of tools that provide structured processes to imagine the possible impacts of a proposed AI system, have become an increasingly popular proposal to govern AI systems. Recent…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Nari Johnson , Hoda Heidari

In recent years Artificial Intelligence (AI) has gained much popularity, with the scientific community as well as with the public. AI is often ascribed many positive impacts for different social domains such as medicine and the economy. On…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-02-01 Kimon Kieslich , Marco Lünich , Frank Marcinkowski

Responsible AI principles provide ethical guidelines for developing AI systems, yet their practical implementation in software engineering lacks thorough investigation. Therefore, this study explores the practices and challenges faced by…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Matheus de Morais Leça , Mariana Bento , Ronnie de Souza Santos

Although AI is transforming the world, there are serious concerns about its ability to behave and make decisions responsibly. Many ethical regulations, principles, and frameworks for responsible AI have been issued recently. However, they…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Qinghua Lu , Liming Zhu , Xiwei Xu , Jon Whittle , Zhenchang Xing

This chapter introduces a conceptual framework for qualitative risk assessment of AI, particularly in the context of the EU AI Act. The framework addresses the complexities of legal compliance and fundamental rights protection by itegrating…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Antonino Rotolo , Beatrice Ferrigno , Jose Miguel Angel Garcia Godinez , Claudio Novelli , Giovanni Sartor

Agentic AI systems present both significant opportunities and novel risks due to their capacity for autonomous action, encompassing tasks such as code execution, internet interaction, and file modification. This poses considerable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Shaun Khoo , Jessica Foo , Roy Ka-Wei Lee

Sustainability encompasses three key facets: economic, environmental, and social. However, the nascent discourse that is emerging on sustainable artificial intelligence (AI) has predominantly focused on the environmental sustainability of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Pedram Bakhtiarifard , Pınar Tözün , Christian Igel , Raghavendra Selvan

Large and ever-evolving technology companies continue to invest more time and resources to incorporate responsible Artificial Intelligence (AI) into production-ready systems to increase algorithmic accountability. This paper examines and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-03-04 Bogdana Rakova , Jingying Yang , Henriette Cramer , Rumman Chowdhury

Practitioners have reported a directional pattern in AI-assisted code generation: AI-generated code tends to fail quietly, preserving the appearance of functionality while degrading or concealing guarantees. This paper introduces the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-21 William M. Parris
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