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We analyze recurrent neural networks with diagonal hidden-to-hidden weight matrices, trained with gradient descent in the supervised learning setting, and prove that gradient descent can achieve optimality \emph{without} massive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Semih Cayci , Atilla Eryilmaz

The Lipschitz constant is an important quantity that arises in analysing the convergence of gradient-based optimization methods. It is generally unclear how to estimate the Lipschitz constant of a complex model. Thus, this paper studies an…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-02-10 Calypso Herrera , Florian Krach , Josef Teichmann

Fast and precise Lipschitz constant estimation of neural networks is an important task for deep learning. Researchers have recently found an intrinsic trade-off between the accuracy and smoothness of neural networks, so training a network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Zi Wang , Gautam Prakriya , Somesh Jha

Deep residual networks (ResNets) have demonstrated outstanding success in computer vision tasks, attributed to their ability to maintain gradient flow through deep architectures. Simultaneously, controlling the Lipschitz constant in neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Marius F. R. Juston , Ramavarapu S. Sreenivas , Dustin Nottage , Ahmet Soylemezoglu

Verifying correctness of deep neural networks (DNNs) is challenging. We study a generic reachability problem for feed-forward DNNs which, for a given set of inputs to the network and a Lipschitz-continuous function over its outputs,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-08 Wenjie Ruan , Xiaowei Huang , Marta Kwiatkowska

Robustness certification against bounded input noise or adversarial perturbations is increasingly important for deployment recurrent neural networks (RNNs) in safety-critical control applications. To address this challenge, we present…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-23 Paul Hamelbeck , Johannes Schiffer

Certified robustness is a desirable property for deep neural networks in safety-critical applications, and popular training algorithms can certify robustness of a neural network by computing a global bound on its Lipschitz constant.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Yujia Huang , Huan Zhang , Yuanyuan Shi , J Zico Kolter , Anima Anandkumar

Training convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with a strict 1-Lipschitz constraint under the $l_{2}$ norm is useful for adversarial robustness, interpretable gradients and stable training. 1-Lipschitz CNNs are usually designed by enforcing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-17 Sahil Singla , Soheil Feizi

Lipschitz constrained networks have gathered considerable attention in the deep learning community, with usages ranging from Wasserstein distance estimation to the training of certifiably robust classifiers. However they remain commonly…

Existing bounds on the generalization error of deep networks assume some form of smooth or bounded dependence on the input variable, falling short of investigating the mechanisms controlling such factors in practice. In this work, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Matteo Gamba , Hossein Azizpour , Mårten Björkman

Deep learning has achieved remarkable success across a wide range of tasks, but its models often suffer from instability and vulnerability: small changes to the input may drastically affect predictions, while optimization can be hindered by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Blaise Delattre

Modern machine learning models are often trained in a setting where the number of parameters exceeds the number of training samples. To understand the implicit bias of gradient descent in such overparameterized models, prior work has…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-29 Hannes Matt , Dominik Stöger

We consider networks, trained via stochastic gradient descent to minimize $\ell_2$ loss, with the training labels perturbed by independent noise at each iteration. We characterize the behavior of the training dynamics near any parameter…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-23 Guy Blanc , Neha Gupta , Gregory Valiant , Paul Valiant

To improve the robustness of deep classifiers against adversarial perturbations, many approaches have been proposed, such as designing new architectures with better robustness properties (e.g., Lipschitz-capped networks), or modifying the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Mahyar Fazlyab , Taha Entesari , Aniket Roy , Rama Chellappa

We consider deep neural networks with a Lipschitz continuous activation function and with weight matrices of variable widths. We establish a uniform convergence analysis framework in which sufficient conditions on weight matrices and bias…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Yuesheng Xu , Haizhang Zhang

High sensitivity of neural networks against malicious perturbations on inputs causes security concerns. To take a steady step towards robust classifiers, we aim to create neural network models provably defended from perturbations. Prior…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-11-02 Yusuke Tsuzuku , Issei Sato , Masashi Sugiyama

The Lipschitz constant plays a crucial role in certifying the robustness of neural networks to input perturbations. Since calculating the exact Lipschitz constant is NP-hard, efforts have been made to obtain tight upper bounds on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Yuezhu Xu , S. Sivaranjani

Deep neural networks are considered to be state of the art models in many offline machine learning tasks. However, their performance and generalization abilities in online learning tasks are much less understood. Therefore, we focus on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-28 Guy Uziel

This paper introduces a measure, called Lipschitz widths, of the optimal performance possible of certain nonlinear methods of approximation. It discusses their relation to entropy numbers and other well known widths such as the Kolmogorov…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-11-03 Guergana Petrova , Przemyslaw Wojtaszczyk

We prove an exponential size separation between depth 2 and depth 3 neural networks (with real inputs), when approximating a $\mathcal{O}(1)$-Lipschitz target function to constant accuracy, with respect to a distribution with support in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Itay Safran , Daniel Reichman , Paul Valiant