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This paper considers an Internet of Thing (IoT) blockchain network consisting of a leader node and various follower nodes which together implement the RAFT consensus protocol to verify a blockchain transaction, as requested by a blockchain…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-05 Hasan Mujtaba Buttar , Waqas Aman , M. Mahboob Ur Rahman , Qammer H. Abbasi

The Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem allows communication between billions of devices worldwide that are collecting data autonomously. The vast amount of data generated by these devices must be controlled totally securely. The centralized…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-22 Seyed Meysam Zarei , Reza Fotohi

Trigger-action programming (TAP) is a popular end-user programming framework that can simplify the Internet of Things (IoT) automation with simple trigger-action rules. However, it also introduces new security and safety threats. A lot of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-04 Yinbo Yu , Jiajia Liu

Advanced nuclear reactor systems face increasing cybersecurity threats as sophisticated attackers exploit cyber-physical interfaces to manipulate control systems while evading traditional IT security measures. This research presents a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Benjamin Blakely , Yeni Li , Akshay Dave , Derek Kultgen , Rick Vilim

The rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) is reshaping communication and operational practices across industries, but it also broadens the attack surface and increases susceptibility to security breaches. Artificial Intelligence…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Seif Ikbarieh , Kshitiz Aryal , Maanak Gupta

Advanced persistent threats (APTs) are stealthy attacks which make use of social engineering and deception to give adversaries insider access to networked systems. Against APTs, active defense technologies aim to create and exploit…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-01-24 Jeffrey Pawlick , Thi Thu Hang Nguyen , Edward Colbert , Quanyan Zhu

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) are among the most challenging cyberattacks to detect. They are carried out by highly skilled attackers who carefully study their targets and operate in a stealthy, long-term manner. Because APTs exhibit…

The Internet traffic data produced by the Internet of Things (IoT) devices are collected by Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and device manufacturers, and often shared with their third parties to maintain and enhance user services.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Su Wang , Keyang Yu , Qi Li , Dong Chen

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) are stealthy attacks that threaten the security and privacy of sensitive information. Interactions of APTs with victim system introduce information flows that are recorded in the system logs. Dynamic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-06-29 Dinuka Sahabandu , Shana Moothedath , Joey Allen , Linda Bushnell , Wenke Lee , Radha Poovendran

The growing number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices makes it imperative to be aware of the real-world threats they face in terms of cybersecurity. While honeypots have been historically used as decoy devices to help…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-22 Armin Ziaie Tabari , Xinming Ou , Anoop Singhal

This work presents a threat modelling approach to represent changes to the attack paths through an Internet of Things (IoT) environment when the environment changes dynamically, i.e., when new devices are added or removed from the system or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Marwa Salayma

While the Web has become a global platform for communication, malicious actors, including hackers and hacktivist groups, often disseminate ideological content and coordinate activities through the "Dark Web", an obscure counterpart of the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Jubin Abhishek Soni , Amit Anand , Rajesh Kumar Pandey , Aniket Abhishek Soni

Ransomware can produce direct and controllable economic loss, which makes it one of the most prominent threats in cyber security. As per the latest statistics, more than half of malwares reported in Q1 of 2017 are ransomwares and there is a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-07 Manaar Alam , Sayan Sinha , Sarani Bhattacharya , Swastika Dutta , Debdeep Mukhopadhyay , Anupam Chattopadhyay

Local Differential Privacy (LDP), a robust privacy-protection model, is widely adopted in the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) due to its lightweight, decentralized, and scalable. However, its perturbation-based privacy-protection…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Lisha Shuai , Shaofeng Tan , Nan Zhang , Jiamin Zhang , Min Zhang , Xiaolong Yang

Cyber Threat hunting is a proactive search for known attack behaviors in the organizational information system. It is an important component to mitigate advanced persistent threats (APTs). However, the attack behaviors recorded in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Renzheng Wei , Lijun Cai , Aimin Yu , Dan Meng

Provenance-based threat hunting identifies Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) on endpoints by correlating attack patterns described in Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) with provenance graphs derived from system audit logs. A fundamental…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Xuebo Qiu , Mingqi Lv , Yimei Zhang , Tieming Chen , Tiantian Zhu , Qijie Song , Shouling Ji

The adoption of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) as a complementary technology to Operational Technology (OT) has enabled a new level of standardised data access and process visibility. This convergence of Information Technology…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Martin Dobler , Michael Hellwig , Nuno Lopes , Ken Oakley , Mike Winterburn

Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) attacks are highly sophisticated and employ a multitude of advanced methods and techniques to target organizations and steal sensitive and confidential information. APT attacks consist of multiple stages and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-18 Huynh Thai Thi , Ngo Duc Hoang Son , Phan The Duy , Nghi Hoang Khoa , Khoa Ngo-Khanh , Van-Hau Pham

A growing number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices are used across consumer, medical, and industrial domains. They interact with their environment through sensors and actuators and connect to networks such as the Internet. Because sensors…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Simon Liebl , Ian Ferguson , Andreas Aßmuth , Natalie Coull , George R. S. Weir

With the growth of internet of things (IoT) devices, cyberattacks, such as distributed denial of service, that exploit vulnerable devices infected with malware have increased. Therefore, vendors and users must keep their device firmware…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Naoto Watanabe , Taku Yamazaki , Takumi Miyoshi , Ryo Yamamoto , Masataka Nakahara , Norihiro Okui , Ayumu Kubota