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Social media has seen a worrying rise in hate speech in recent times. Branching to several distinct categories of cyberbullying, gender discrimination, or racism, the combined label for such derogatory content can be classified as toxic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Sourav Das , Prasanta Mandal , Sanjay Chatterji

Offensive language detection is an ever-growing natural language processing (NLP) application. This growth is mainly because of the widespread usage of social networks, which becomes a mainstream channel for people to communicate, work, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Ehab Hamdy

In recent years, social media platforms have hosted an explosion of hate speech and objectionable content. The urgent need for effective automatic hate speech detection models have drawn remarkable investment from companies and researchers.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Sayyed M. Zahiri , Ali Ahmadvand

Toxic online speech has become a crucial problem nowadays due to an exponential increase in the use of internet by people from different cultures and educational backgrounds. Differentiating if a text message belongs to hate speech and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Bencheng Wei , Jason Li , Ajay Gupta , Hafiza Umair , Atsu Vovor , Natalie Durzynski

Toxic comments in online platforms are an unavoidable social issue under the cloak of anonymity. Hate speech detection has been actively done for languages such as English, German, or Italian, where manually labeled corpus has been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-27 Jihyung Moon , Won Ik Cho , Junbum Lee

Hate Speech takes many forms to target communities with derogatory comments, and takes humanity a step back in societal progress. HateXplain is a recently published and first dataset to use annotated spans in the form of rationales, along…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-10 Arvind Subramaniam , Aryan Mehra , Sayani Kundu

Effectively analyzing the comments to uncover latent intentions holds immense value in making strategic decisions across various domains. However, several challenges hinder the process of sentiment analysis including the lexical diversity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Md. Mostafizer Rahman , Ariful Islam Shiplu , Yutaka Watanobe , Md. Ashad Alam

Transformer-based models such as BERT, XLNET, and XLM-R have achieved state-of-the-art performance across various NLP tasks including the identification of offensive language and hate speech, an important problem in social media. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Diptanu Sarkar , Marcos Zampieri , Tharindu Ranasinghe , Alexander Ororbia

Social media platforms have a vital role in the modern world, serving as conduits for communication, the exchange of ideas, and the establishment of networks. However, the misuse of these platforms through toxic comments, which can range…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Mukaffi Bin Moin , Pronay Debnath , Usafa Akther Rifa , Rijeet Bin Anis

Well-annotated data is a prerequisite for good Natural Language Processing models. Too often, though, annotation decisions are governed by optimizing time or annotator agreement. We make a case for nuanced efforts in an interdisciplinary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Federico Bianchi , Stefanie Anja Hills , Patricia Rossini , Dirk Hovy , Rebekah Tromble , Nava Tintarev

Hate speech and toxic comments are a common concern of social media platform users. Although these comments are, fortunately, the minority in these platforms, they are still capable of causing harm. Therefore, identifying these comments is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-12 João A. Leite , Diego F. Silva , Kalina Bontcheva , Carolina Scarton

Hate speech has grown into a pervasive phenomenon, intensifying during times of crisis, elections, and social unrest. Multiple approaches have been developed to detect hate speech using artificial intelligence, but a generalized model is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Gautam Kishore Shahi , Tim A. Majchrzak

Through anonymisation and accessibility, social media platforms have facilitated the proliferation of hate speech, prompting increased research in developing automatic methods to identify these texts. This paper explores the classification…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-08 Amikul Kalra , Arkaitz Zubiaga

The internet today has become an unrivalled source of information where people converse on content based websites such as Quora, Reddit, StackOverflow and Twitter asking doubts and sharing knowledge with the world. A major arising problem…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Ashwin Rachha , Gaurav Vanmane

The detection and identification of toxic comments are conducive to creating a civilized and harmonious Internet environment. In this experiment, we collected various data sets related to toxic comments. Because of the characteristics of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Zhichang Wang , Qipeng Zhu

The context-dependent nature of online aggression makes annotating large collections of data extremely difficult. Previously studied datasets in abusive language detection have been insufficient in size to efficiently train deep learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-31 Younghun Lee , Seunghyun Yoon , Kyomin Jung

This work evaluates Sentence-BERT for a multi-label code comment classification task seeking to maximize the classification performance while controlling efficiency constraints during inference. Using a dataset of 13,216 labeled comment…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Fabian C. Peña , Steffen Herbold

Our study addresses a significant gap in online hate speech detection research by focusing on homophobia, an area often neglected in sentiment analysis research. Utilising advanced sentiment analysis models, particularly BERT, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Josh McGiff , Nikola S. Nikolov

In this paper, we introduce HateBERT, a re-trained BERT model for abusive language detection in English. The model was trained on RAL-E, a large-scale dataset of Reddit comments in English from communities banned for being offensive,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-05 Tommaso Caselli , Valerio Basile , Jelena Mitrović , Michael Granitzer

Content moderation and toxicity classification represent critical tasks with significant social implications. However, studies have shown that major classification models exhibit tendencies to magnify or reduce biases and potentially…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Haniyeh Ehsani Oskouie , Christina Chance , Claire Huang , Margaret Capetz , Elizabeth Eyeson , Majid Sarrafzadeh