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Sharding is the prevalent approach to breaking the trilemma of simultaneously achieving decentralization, security, and scalability in traditional blockchain systems, which are implemented as replicated state machines relying on atomic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-01 Yizhong Liu , Jianwei Liu , Marcos Antonio Vaz Salles , Zongyang Zhang , Tong Li , Bin Hu , Fritz Henglein , Rongxing Lu

Decentralization, which has backed the hyper growth of many blockchains, comes at the cost of scalability. To understand this fundamental limitation, this paper proposes a quantitative measure of blockchain decentralization, and discusses…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-10-09 Shumo Chu , Sophia Wang

The research designs a new integrated system for the security enhancement of a decentralized network by preventing damages from attackers, particularly for the 51 percent attack. The concept of multiple layered design based on Blockchain…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Song-Kyoo Kim

With the increase of web users and applications with real time requests, the ability to identify, track and trace elements of a product as it moves in the supply chain is deemed necessary, and for many industries is even mandated by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-10-23 Thomas Sermpinis , Christos Sermpinis

Blockchain has the potential to enhance supply chain management systems by providing stronger assurance in transparency and traceability of traded commodities. However, blockchain does not overcome the inherent issues of data trust in IoT…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-14 Guntur Dharma Putra , Changhoon Kang , Salil S. Kanhere , James Won-Ki Hong

In recent years, blockchain has gained widespread attention as an emerging technology for decentralization, transparency, and immutability in advancing online activities over public networks. As an essential market process, auctions have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Zeshun Shi , Cees de Laat , Paola Grosso , Zhiming Zhao

The so-called blockchain trilemma asserts the impossibility of simultaneously achieving scalability, security, and decentralisation within a single blockchain protocol. In this paper, we formally refute that proposition. Employing predicate…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Craig Wright

We initiate the study of transaction fee mechanism design for blockchain protocols in which multiple block producers contribute to the production of each block. Our contributions include: - We propose an extensive-form (multi-stage) game…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Pranav Garimidi , Lioba Heimbach , Tim Roughgarden

Although blockchains have become widely popular for their use in cryptocurrencies, they are now becoming pervasive as more traditional applications adopt blockchain to ensure data security. Despite being a secured network, blockchains have…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Faisal Haque Bappy , Tariqul Islam , Tarannum Shaila Zaman , Md Sajidul Islam Sajid , Mir Mehedi Ahsan Pritom

Given the low throughput of blockchains like Bitcoin and Ethereum, scalability - the ability to process an increasing number of transactions - has become a central focus of blockchain research. One promising approach is the parallelization…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Bahar Acilan , Andrei Constantinescu , Lioba Heimbach , Roger Wattenhofer

Transaction fee mechanism design is a new decentralized mechanism design problem where users bid for space on the blockchain. Several recent works showed that the transaction fee mechanism design fundamentally departs from classical…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Ke Wu , Elaine Shi , Hao Chung

The blockchain trilemma highlights the difficulty of simultaneously achieving a high degree of decentralization (DoD), scalability, and security in blockchain systems. While numerous constructs and metrics have been proposed to analyze…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Mansur Masama Aliyu , Niclas Kannengießer , Ali Sunyaev

Recently, the blockchain technique was put in the spotlight as it introduced a systematic approach for multiple parties to reach consensus without needing trust. However, the application of this technique in practice is severely restricted…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-07-17 Zhijie Ren , Kelong Cong , Johan Pouwelse , Zekeriya Erkin

Blockchain or Distributed Ledger Technology is a disruptive technology that provides the infrastructure for developing decentralized applications enabling the implementation of novel business models even in traditionally centralized…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-03-22 Claudia Pop , Tudor Cioara , Ionut Anghel , Marcel Antal , Ioan Salomie

We propose a secure, stateless and composable transaction scheme to establish delivery-versus-payment (DvP) across two (or more) blockchains without relying on time-locks, centralized escrow, or stateful intermediaries. The method minimizes…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Christian P. Fries , Peter Kohl-Landgraf

Allocation of resources and their control over multiple organisations is challenging. This is especially true for a large-scale and dynamic system like the Internet of Things (IoT). One of the core issues in such a system is the provision…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Shantanu Pal , Ambrose Hill , Tahiry Rabehaja , Michael Hitchens

This work presents the design and implementation of a blockchain system that enables the trustable transactive energy management for distributed energy resources (DERs). We model the interactions among DERs, including energy trading and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-06-07 Qing Yang , Hao Wang , Xiaoxiao Wu , Taotao Wang , Shengli Zhang

This paper investigates how pricing schemes can achieve efficient allocations in blockchain systems featuring multiple transaction queues under a global capacity constraint. I model a capacity-constrained blockchain where users submit…

General Economics · Economics 2025-02-26 Abdoulaye Ndiaye

Blockchain and distributed ledger technologies rely on distributed consensus algorithms. In recent years many consensus algorithms and protocols have been proposed; most of them are for permissioned blockchain networks. However, the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-01-19 Shiv Sondhi , Sherif Saad , Kevin Shi , Mohammad Mamun , Issa Traore

We introduce a decentralised, algorithmic framework for permissionless, multi-strategy capital allocation via tokenised, automated vaults. The system is designed to function analogously to a multi-strategy asset management company, but…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-09-25 Arman Abgaryan , Utkarsh Sharma , Joshua Tobkin