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This work considers Bayesian inference under misspecification for complex statistical models comprised of simpler submodels, referred to as modules, that are coupled together. Such ``multi-modular" models often arise when combining…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-08-02 David T. Frazier , David J. Nott

There has been much recent interest in modifying Bayesian inference for misspecified models so that it is useful for specific purposes. One popular modified Bayesian inference method is "cutting feedback" which can be used when the model…

The Cut posterior and related Semi-Modular Inference are Generalised Bayes methods for Modular Bayesian evidence combination. Analysis is broken up over modular sub-models of the joint posterior distribution. Model-misspecification in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-04-04 Chris U. Carmona , Geoff K. Nicholls

Standard Bayesian inference can build models that combine information from various sources, but this inference may not be reliable if components of a model are misspecified. Cut inference, as a particular type of modularized Bayesian…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-18 Yang Liu , Robert J. B. Goudie

Bayesian analyses combine information represented by different terms in a joint Bayesian model. When one or more of the terms is misspecified, it can be helpful to restrict the use of information from suspect model components to modify…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-06-27 Xuejun Yu , David J. Nott , Michael Stanley Smith

In copula models the marginal distributions and copula function are specified separately. We treat these as two modules in a modular Bayesian inference framework, and propose conducting modified Bayesian inference by "cutting feedback".…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-06-28 Michael Stanley Smith , Weichang Yu , David J. Nott , David Frazier

Bayesian statistical inference loses predictive optimality when generative models are misspecified. Working within an existing coherent loss-based generalisation of Bayesian inference, we show existing Modular/Cut-model inference is…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-18 Chris U. Carmona , Geoff K. Nicholls

Complex statistical models are often built by combining multiple submodels, called modules. Here we consider modular inference where the modules contain both parametric and nonparametric components. In such cases, standard Bayesian…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-27 Linda S. L. Tan , David J. Nott , David T. Frazier

In many scientific applications, uncertainty of estimates from an earlier (upstream) analysis needs to be propagated in subsequent (downstream) Bayesian analysis, without feedback. Cutting feedback methods, also termed cut-Bayes, achieve…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-28 Jiafang Song , Sandipan Pramanik , Abhirup Datta

In modular Bayesian analyses, complex models are composed of distinct modules, each representing different aspects of the data or prior information. In this context, fully Bayesian approaches can sometimes lead to undesirable feedback…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-10-28 Grant Hutchings , Kellin Rumsey , Derek Bingham , Gabriel Huerta

Copula models of multivariate data are popular because they allow separate specification of marginal distributions and the copula function. These components can be treated as inter-related modules in a modified Bayesian inference approach…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-03 Lucas Kock , David T. Frazier , Michael Stanley Smith , David J. Nott

Bayesian models quantify uncertainty and facilitate optimal decision-making in downstream applications. For most models, however, practitioners are forced to use approximate inference techniques that lead to sub-optimal decisions due to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-09-12 Tomasz Kuśmierczyk , Joseph Sakaya , Arto Klami

Bayesian modelling enables us to accommodate complex forms of data and make a comprehensive inference, but the effect of partial misspecification of the model is a concern. One approach in this setting is to modularize the model, and…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-18 Yang Liu , Robert J. B. Goudie

The most common approach to implementing data analysis pipelines involves obtaining point estimates from the upstream modules and then treating these as known quantities when working with the downstream ones. This approach is…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-02-19 Erin Lipman , Abel Rodriguez

The Bayesian approach provides powerful methods for variable selection. The ability to incorporate sparsity through prior beliefs and account for parameter uncertainty allows Bayesian variable selection to consistently identify which of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-05 Beniamino Hadj-Amar , Jack Jewson

Variational inference has recently emerged as a popular alternative to the classical Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) in large-scale Bayesian inference. The core idea is to trade statistical accuracy for computational efficiency. In this…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-08-08 Kush Bhatia , Nikki Lijing Kuang , Yi-An Ma , Yixin Wang

Bayesian inference provides a framework to combine various model components with shared parameters, allowing joint uncertainty estimation and the use of all available data sources. Unfortunately, misspecification of any part of the model…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-13 Emilia Pompe , Mikołaj J. Kasprzak , Pierre E. Jacob

The fairness of a deep neural network is strongly affected by dataset bias and spurious correlations, both of which are usually present in modern feature-rich and complex visual datasets. Due to the difficulty and variability of the task,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Rebecca S Stone , Nishant Ravikumar , Andrew J Bulpitt , David C Hogg

Bayesian inference promises a framework for principled uncertainty quantification of neural network predictions. Barriers to adoption include the difficulty of fully characterizing posterior distributions on network parameters and the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-01-22 Katharine Fisher , Youssef Marzouk

Societal biases are reflected in large pre-trained language models and their fine-tuned versions on downstream tasks. Common in-processing bias mitigation approaches, such as adversarial training and mutual information removal, introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Lukas Hauzenberger , Shahed Masoudian , Deepak Kumar , Markus Schedl , Navid Rekabsaz
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