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Text-to-speech is now able to achieve near-human naturalness and research focus has shifted to increasing expressivity. One popular method is to transfer the prosody from a reference speech sample. There have been considerable advances in…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-22 Alexandra Torresquintero , Tian Huey Teh , Christopher G. R. Wallis , Marlene Staib , Devang S Ram Mohan , Vivian Hu , Lorenzo Foglianti , Jiameng Gao , Simon King

Prosody is essential for speech technology, shaping comprehension, naturalness, and expressiveness. However, current text-to-speech (TTS) systems still struggle to accurately capture human-like prosodic variation, in part because existing…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-05 Cedric Chan , Jianjing Kuang

Direct speech-to-speech translation (S2ST) translates speech from one language into another using a single model. However, due to the presence of linguistic and acoustic diversity, the target speech follows a complex multimodal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Qingkai Fang , Yan Zhou , Yang Feng

Direct Speech-to-Speech Translation (S2ST) has gained increasing attention for its ability to translate speech from one language to another, while reducing error propagation and latency inherent in traditional cascaded pipelines. However,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-23 Lalaram Arya , Mrinmoy Bhattacharjee , Adarsh C. R. , S. R. Mahadeva Prasanna

Direct speech-to-speech translation (S2ST) is an attractive research topic with many advantages compared to cascaded S2ST. However, direct S2ST suffers from the data scarcity problem because the corpora from speech of the source language to…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Kun Wei , Long Zhou , Ziqiang Zhang , Liping Chen , Shujie Liu , Lei He , Jinyu Li , Furu Wei

Direct speech-to-speech translation (S2ST), in which all components are trained jointly, is an attractive alternative to cascaded systems because it offers a simpler pipeline and lower inference latency. However, direct S2ST models require…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Sina Rashidi , Hossein Sameti

We propose PolyVoice, a language model-based framework for speech-to-speech translation (S2ST) system. Our framework consists of two language models: a translation language model and a speech synthesis language model. We use discretized…

Direct speech-to-speech translation (S2ST) with discrete units leverages recent progress in speech representation learning. Specifically, a sequence of discrete representations derived in a self-supervised manner are predicted from the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Rongjie Huang , Jinglin Liu , Huadai Liu , Yi Ren , Lichao Zhang , Jinzheng He , Zhou Zhao

We study speech-to-speech translation (S2ST) that translates speech from one language into another language and focuses on building systems to support languages without standard text writing systems. We use English-Taiwanese Hokkien as a…

Given a pair of source and reference speech recordings, speech-to-speech (S2S) emotion style transfer involves the generation of an output speech that mimics the emotion characteristics of the reference while preserving the content and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-11 Soumya Dutta , Avni Jain , Sriram Ganapathy

Textless speech-to-speech translation systems are rapidly advancing, thanks to the integration of self-supervised learning techniques. However, existing state-of-the-art systems fall short when it comes to capturing and transferring…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Jarod Duret , Benjamin O'Brien , Yannick Estève , Titouan Parcollet

We present a textless speech-to-speech translation (S2ST) system that can translate speech from one language into another language and can be built without the need of any text data. Different from existing work in the literature, we tackle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-06 Ann Lee , Hongyu Gong , Paul-Ambroise Duquenne , Holger Schwenk , Peng-Jen Chen , Changhan Wang , Sravya Popuri , Yossi Adi , Juan Pino , Jiatao Gu , Wei-Ning Hsu

Speech-to-text translation (ST), which directly translates the source language speech to the target language text, has attracted intensive attention recently. However, the combination of speech recognition and machine translation in a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-18 Qianqian Dong , Mingxuan Wang , Hao Zhou , Shuang Xu , Bo Xu , Lei Li

Prosody transfer is well-studied in the context of expressive speech synthesis. Cross-lingual prosody transfer, however, is challenging and has been under-explored to date. In this paper, we present a novel solution to learn prosody…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-21 Jakub Swiatkowski , Duo Wang , Mikolaj Babianski , Patrick Lumban Tobing , Ravichander Vipperla , Vincent Pollet

Speech-to-speech translation systems today do not adequately support use for dialog purposes. In particular, nuances of speaker intent and stance can be lost due to improper prosody transfer. We present an exploration of what needs to be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Jonathan E. Avila , Nigel G. Ward

We present a prosody-guided framework for speech-to-speech translation (S2ST) that aligns and translates speech \emph{without} transcripts by leveraging cross-linguistic pause synchrony. Analyzing a 6{,}000-hour East African news corpus…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-12 Peter Ochieng , Dennis Kaburu

Using end-to-end models for speech translation (ST) has increasingly been the focus of the ST community. These models condense the previously cascaded systems by directly converting sound waves into translated text. However, cascaded models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-25 Orion Weller , Matthias Sperber , Christian Gollan , Joris Kluivers

Direct speech-to-speech translation (S2ST) models suffer from data scarcity issues as there exists little parallel S2ST data, compared to the amount of data available for conventional cascaded systems that consist of automatic speech…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Sravya Popuri , Peng-Jen Chen , Changhan Wang , Juan Pino , Yossi Adi , Jiatao Gu , Wei-Ning Hsu , Ann Lee

End-to-End speech-to-speech translation (S2ST) is generally evaluated with text-based metrics. This means that generated speech has to be automatically transcribed, making the evaluation dependent on the availability and quality of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-19 Mingda Chen , Paul-Ambroise Duquenne , Pierre Andrews , Justine Kao , Alexandre Mourachko , Holger Schwenk , Marta R. Costa-jussà