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Recent results have shown that many of the known extrasolar planetary systems contain regions which are stable for both Earth-mass and Saturn-mass planets. Here we simulate the formation of terrestrial planets in four planetary systems --…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Sean N. Raymond , Rory Barnes , Nathan A. Kaib

The existence of planets born in environments highly perturbed by a stellar companion represents a major challenge to the paradigm of planet formation. In numerical simulations, the presence of a close binary companion stirs up the relative…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 Stefano Meschiari

Direct imaging observations of planets revealed that wide-orbit ($>10$ au) giant planets exist even around subsolar-metallicity host stars and do not require metal-rich environments for their formation. A possible formation mechanism of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-27 Ryoki Matsukoba , Eduard I. Vorobyov , Takashi Hosokawa , Manuel Guedel

In order to test planetary accretion and differentiation scenarios, we integrated a multistage core-mantle differentiation model with N-body accretion simulations. Impacts between embryos and planetesimals result in magma ocean formation…

We show that interaction with a gas disk may produce young planetary systems with closely-spaced orbits, stabilized by mean-motion resonances between neighbors. On longer timescales, after the gas is gone, interaction with a remnant…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Edward W. Thommes , Geoffrey Bryden , Yanqin Wu , Frederic A. Rasio

Observations have confirmed the existence of multiple-planet systems containing a hot Jupiter and smaller planetary companions. Examples include WASP-47, Kepler-730, and TOI-1130. We examine the plausibility of forming such systems in situ…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-05-26 Sanson T. S. Poon , Richard P. Nelson , Gavin A. L. Coleman

We present integrations of a model Solar System with five terrestrial planets (beginning ~30-50 Myr after the formation of primitive Solar System bodies) in order to determine the preferred regions of parameter space leading to a giant…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2014-12-03 Billy Quarles , Jack J. Lissauer

I present here a new, indivisible planetary science paradigm, a wholly self-consistent vision of the nature of matter in the Solar System, and dynamics and energy sources of planets. Massive-core planets formed by condensing and raining-out…

General Physics · Physics 2013-07-01 J. Marvin Herndon

During the formation of rocky planets, the surface environments of growing protoplanets were dramatically different from those of present-day planets. The release of gravitational energy during accretion would have maintained a molten…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-17 Haruya Maeda , Takanori Sasaki

The architecture and masses of planetary systems in the habitable zone could be strongly influenced by outer giant planets, if present. We investigate here the impact of outer giants on terrestrial planet formation, under the assumption…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-07-03 Zhihui Kong , Anders Johansen , Michiel Lambrechts , Jonathan H. Jiang , Zong-Hong Zhu

Planetary formation models predict the existence of massive terrestrial planets and experiments are now being designed that should succeed in discovering them and measuring their masses and radii. We calculate internal structures of planets…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Diana Valencia , Richard J. O'Connell , Dimitar D. Sasselov , ;

Two fundamentally different processes of rocky planet formation exist, but it is unclear which one built the terrestrial planets of the solar system. Either they formed by collisions among planetary embryos from the inner solar system, or…

Intermediate mass planets, from Super-Earth to Neptune-sized bodies, are the most common type of planets in the galaxy. The prevailing theory of planet formation, core-accretion, predicts significantly fewer intermediate-mass giant planets…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-03-16 Hongping Deng , Lucio Mayer , Ravit Helled

The formation of giant planets requires accumulation of ~10 Earth mass in solids; but how do protoplanets acquire their mass? There are many, often competing processes that regulate the accretion rate of protoplanets. To assess their…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-03 Chris Ormel , Hiroshi Kobayashi

We present results from a suite of N-body simulations that follow the accretion history of the terrestrial planets using a new parallel treecode that we have developed. We initially place 2000 equal size planetesimals between 0.5--4.0 AU…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 Ryuji Morishima , Joachim Stadel , Ben Moore

Super-Mercuries, rocky exoplanets with bulk iron mass fraction of more than 60 per cent, appear to be preferentially hosted by stars with higher iron mass fraction than the Earth. It is unclear whether these iron-rich planets can form in…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-05-03 J. Mah , B. Bitsch

Terrestrial planets are commonly observed to orbit M dwarfs with close-in trajectories. In this work, we extensively perform N-body simulations of planetesimal accretion with three models of in-situ, inward migration and reversed migration…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-08-02 Mengrui Pan , Su Wang , Jianghui Ji

Due to the chaotic nature of the Solar System, the question of its dynamic long-term stability can only be answered in a statistical sense, e.g. based on numerical ensemble integrations of nearby orbits. Destabilization, including…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-09-23 Richard E. Zeebe

Planet formation encompasses processes that span a remarkable 40 magnitudes in mass, ranging from collisions between micron-sized grains inherited from the ISM to the accretion of gas by giant planets. The planet formation process takes…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-12-18 Chris Ormel

The Earth's comparatively massive moon, formed via a giant impact on the proto-Earth, has played an important role in the development of life on our planet, both in the history and strength of the ocean tides and in stabilizing the chaotic…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-28 Sebastian Elser , Ben Moore , Joachim Stadel , Ryuji Morishima