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We report a new particle in cell (PIC) method based on the semi-implicit approach. The novelty of the new method is that unlike any of its semi-implicit predecessors at the same time retains the explicit computational cycle and conserves…

Computational Physics · Physics 2017-03-08 Giovanni Lapenta

We present in this work the implementation of the Energy Conserving Semi-Implicit Method in a parallel code called ECsim. This new code is a three-dimensional, fully electromagnetic particle in cell (PIC) code. It is written in C/C++ and…

Computational Physics · Physics 2018-07-04 Diego Gonzalez-Herrero , Elisabetta Boella , Giovanni Lapenta

The Energy Conserving Semi-Implicit Method (ECSIM) introduced by Lapenta (2017) has many advantageous properties compared to the classical semi-implicit and explicit PIC methods. Most importantly, energy conservation eliminates the growth…

Computational Physics · Physics 2019-05-01 Yuxi Chen , Gabor Toth

Based on the previously developed Energy Conserving Semi Implicit Method (ECsim) code, we present its cylindrical implementation, called ECsim-CYL, to be used for axially symmetric problems. The main motivation for the development of the…

Computational Physics · Physics 2019-02-20 Diego Gonzalez-Herrero , Alfredo Micera , Elisabetta Boella , Jaeyoung Park , Giovanni Lapenta

The recently developed energy conserving semi-implicit method (ECsim) for PIC simulation is applied to multiple scale problems where the electron-scale physics needs to be only partially retained and the interest is on the macroscopic or…

Computational Physics · Physics 2017-05-24 Giovanni Lapenta , Diego Gonzalez-Herrero , Elisabetta Boella

We present a novel Relativistic Semi-Implicit Method (RelSIM) for particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations of astrophysical plasmas, implemented in a code framework ready for production runs. While explicit PIC methods have gained widespread…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-08-29 Fabio Bacchini

The use of explicit particle-in-cell (PIC) method for relativistic plasma simulations is restricted by numerical heating and instabilities that may significantly constrain the choice of time and space steps. To partially eliminate these…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2024-02-12 Arkady Gonoskov

This paper discusses a novel fully implicit formulation for a 1D electrostatic particle-in-cell (PIC) plasma simulation approach. Unlike earlier implicit electrostatic PIC approaches (which are based on a linearized Vlasov-Poisson…

Computational Physics · Physics 2015-03-17 Guangye Chen , Luis Chacón , Daniel C. Barnes

We extend the recently-developed explicit, energy-conserving particle-in-cell (PIC) scheme of [1] to the relativistic Vlasov-Maxwell system. As in the non-relativistic case, the method is built on an optimization problem that is…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Lee Ricketson , Jingwei Hu

Achieving large-scale kinetic modelling is a crucial task for the development and optimization of modern plasma devices. With the trend of decreasing pressure in applications such as plasma etching, kinetic simulations are necessary to…

An electrostatic, implicit particle-in-cell (PIC) model for collisionless, fully magnetized, paraxial plasma expansions in a magnetic nozzle is introduced with exact charge, energy, and magnetic moment conservation properties. The approach…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2024-05-14 Pedro Jimenez , Luis Chacon , Mario Merino

The traditional explicit electrostatic momentum-conserving Particle-in-cell algorithm requires strict resolution of the electron Debye length to deliver numerical accuracy. The explicit electrostatic energy-conserving Particle-in-Cell…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2023-08-31 Andrew T. Powis , Igor D. Kaganovich

Particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations are essential for studying kinetic plasma processes, but they often suffer from statistical noise, especially in plasmas with fast flows. We have also found that the typical central difference scheme used…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-06-16 Yuxi Chen , Hongyang Zhou , Gabor Toth

The Particle-In-Cell (PIC) method is a computational technique widely used in plasma physics to model plasmas at the kinetic level. In this work, we present our effort to prepare the semi-implicit energy-conserving PIC code ECsim for…

Matrix-multiply-accumulate (MMA) units, or tensor cores, are now widespread across modern computing architectures. Yet, their use for particle-grid operators remains limited. In implicit particle methods, mass-matrix assembly is a…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Luca Pennati , Stefano Markidis

The particle-in-cell (PIC) method has been widely used for plasma simulation, because of its noise-reduction capability and moderate computational cost. The immersed finite element (IFE) method is efficient for solving interface problems on…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-10-18 Jinwei Bai , Yong Cao , Yuchuan Chu , Xu Zhang

We present an efficient and accurate energy-conserving implicit particle-in-cell~(PIC) algorithm for the electrostatic Vlasov system, with particular emphasis on its high robustness for simulating complex plasma systems with multiple…

Computational Physics · Physics 2022-11-21 Zhuoning Li , Zhenli Xu , Zhiguo Yang

Conventional explicit electromagnetic particle-in-cell (PIC) algorithms do not conserve discrete energy exactly. Time-centered fully implicit PIC algorithms can conserve discrete energy exactly, but may introduce large dispersion errors in…

Computational Physics · Physics 2020-02-19 Guangye Chen , Luis Chacón , Lin Yin , Brian J. Albright , David J. Stark , Robert F. Bird

We discuss the fundamentals of the implicit moment method for Particle In Cell (PIC) simulation as presently implemented in the CELESTE3D code. We present the method in its fully electromagnetic and fully kinetic version. The application of…

Computational Physics · Physics 2008-01-29 Giovanni Lapenta

We present an explicit temporal discretization of particle-in-cell schemes for the Vlasov equation that results in exact energy conservation when combined with an appropriate spatial discretization. The scheme is inspired by a simple,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-11-15 Lee F. Ricketson , Jingwei Hu
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