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Block encoding is a successful technique used in several powerful quantum algorithms. In this work we provide an explicit quantum circuit for block encoding a sparse matrix with a periodic diagonal structure. The proposed methodology is…

The data input model is a fundamental component of every quantum algorithm, as its efficiency is crucial for achieving potential speed-ups over classical methods. For quantum linear algebra tasks that utilize quantum eigenvalue or singular…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-03 Andreas Sturm , Niclas Schillo

The Difference-of-Gaussian (DoG) is a widely used operator across applications, including image processing (feature and edge detection), quantum machine learning, and finite-difference methods (approximations of the Laplacian-of-Gaussian).…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-13 Jishnu Mahmud , John Winship , Tom Lash , James Ostrowski , Rebekah Herrman

Simulation of physical systems is one of the most promising use cases of future digital quantum computers. In this work we systematically analyze the quantum circuit complexities of block encoding the discretized elliptic operators that…

Discrete Laplacian operators arise ubiquitously in scientific computing and frequently appear in quantum algorithms for tasks such as linear algebra, Hamiltonian simulation, and partial differential equations. Block encoding provides the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-30 Alexandre Boutot , Viraj Dsouza

Partial differential equation (PDE)-constrained optimization, where an optimization problem is subject to PDE constraints, arises in various applications such as design, control, and inference. Solving such problems is computationally…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-29 Yuki Sato , Jumpei Kato , Hiroshi Yano , Kosuke Ito , Naoki Yamamoto

Solving differential equations is one of the most computationally expensive problems in classical computing, occupying the vast majority of high-performance computing resources devoted towards practical applications in various fields of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-08 Sunheang Ty , Renaud Vilmart , Axel TahmasebiMoradi , Chetra Mang

Block encoding severs as an important data input model in quantum algorithms, enabling quantum computers to simulate non-unitary operators effectively. In this paper, we propose an efficient block-encoding protocol for sparse matrices based…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-30 Chunlin Yang , Zexian Li , Hongmei Yao , Zhaobing Fan , Guofeng Zhang , Jianshe Liu

While quantum algorithms for solving large scale systems of linear equations offer potentially exponential speedups, their application has largely been confined to sparse matrices. This work extends the scope of these algorithms to a broad…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-27 Kun Tang , Jun Lai

Recent research has shown that incorporating equivariance into neural network architectures is very helpful, and there have been some works investigating the equivariance of networks under group actions. However, as digital images and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-12 Zhengyang Shen , Lingshen He , Zhouchen Lin , Jinwen Ma

Quantum computers can produce a quantum encoding of the solution of a system of differential equations exponentially faster than a classical algorithm can produce an explicit description. However, while high-precision quantum algorithms for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-10 Andrew M. Childs , Jin-Peng Liu , Aaron Ostrander

We study a quantum-algorithmic framework for parameterizing partial differential equations (PDEs). For a broad class of problems in which the discretized parameter field admits a diagonal representation, block-encodings of diagonal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Hiroshi Yano , Yuki Sato

Many standard linear algebra problems can be solved on a quantum computer by using recently developed quantum linear algebra algorithms that make use of block encodings and quantum eigenvalue/singular value transformations. A block encoding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-23 Daan Camps , Lin Lin , Roel Van Beeumen , Chao Yang

Block-encoding operators are one of the essential components in quantum algorithms based on Quantum Signal Processing. Their gate complexity largely determines the overall gate complexity of the full algorithm. Using variational methods, we…

In numerical approaches to solving differential equations on a lattice, a representation of the derivative operator that correctly matches the continuum behaviour of functions of momentum up to the band limit must be non-local. We present…

Quantum circuits naturally implement unitary operations on input quantum states. However, non-unitary operations can also be implemented through block encodings, where additional ancilla qubits are introduced and later measured. While block…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-27 Martina Nibbi , Filippo Della Chiara , Yizhi Shen , Aaron Szasz , Roel Van Beeumen

We present an efficient quantum circuit for block encoding pairing Hamiltonian often studied in nuclear physics. Our block encoding scheme does not require mapping the creation and annihilation operators to the Pauli operators and…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-02-22 Diyi Liu , Weijie Du , Lin Lin , James P. Vary , Chao Yang

Block-encoding is a foundational technique in modern quantum algorithms, enabling the implementation of non-unitary operations by embedding them into larger unitary matrices. While theoretically powerful and essential for advanced protocols…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-21 Matic Petrič , René Zander

Block-encodings are ubiquitous in quantum computing as a way to represent data within a unitary operator. While several unstructured methods are applicable to arbitrary data, these techniques are burdened by hidden costs and poor accuracy.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-25 Parker Kuklinski , Benjamin Rempfer , Justin Elenewski , Kevin Obenland

Quantum signal processing combined with quantum eigenvalue transformation has recently emerged as a unifying framework for several quantum algorithms. In its standard form, it consists of two separate routines: block encoding, which encodes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-25 Martina Nibbi , Christian B. Mendl
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