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At the heart of power system operations, alternating current optimal power flow (ACOPF) studies the generation of electric power in the most economical way under network-wide load requirement, and can be formulated as a highly structured…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-01-17 Sihan Zeng , Youngdae Kim , Yuxuan Ren , Kibaek Kim

We introduce a quadratically-constrained approximation (QCAC) of the AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF) problem. Unlike existing approximations like the DC-OPF, our model does not rely on typical assumptions such as high reactance-to-resistance…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-21 Gonzalo E. Constante-Flores , Can Li

AC Optimal Power Flow (ACOPF) and Security-Constrained Unit Commitment (SCUC) are fundamental optimization problems in power system operations. ACOPF serves as the physical backbone of grid simulation and real-time operation, enforcing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Zeeshan Memon , Yijiang Li , Hongwei Jin , Kibaek Kim , Liang Zhao

Several methods have been proposed in the literature to improve the quality of AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF) datasets used in machine learning (ML) models. Yet, scalability to large power systems remains unaddressed and comparing…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-27 Matteo Baù , Luca Perbellini , Samuele Grillo

With the increasing proportion of renewable energy in the generation side, it becomes more difficult to accurately predict the power generation and adapt to the large deviations between the optimal dispatch scheme and the day-ahead…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-07 Xinyue Wang , Haiwang Zhong , Guanglun Zhang , Guangchun Ruan , Yiliu He , Zekuan Yu

To facilitate effective decarbonization of the electric power sector, this paper introduces the generic Carbon-aware Optimal Power Flow (C-OPF) method for power system decision-making that considers demand-side carbon accounting and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-04-01 Xin Chen , Andy Sun , Wenbo Shi , Na Li

Optimal Power Flow (OPF) can be modeled as a non-convex Quadratically Constrained Quadratic Program (QCQP). Our purpose is to solve OPF to global optimality. To this end, we specialize the Mixed-Integer Quadratic Convex Reformulation method…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-03-14 Hadrien Godard , Sourour Elloumi , Amélie Lambert , Jean Maeght , Manuel Ruiz

Convex relaxations of the AC Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem are essential not only for identifying the globally optimal solution but also for enabling the use of OPF formulations in Bilevel Programming and Mathematical Programs with…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-06-23 Lucien Bobo , Andreas Venzke , Spyros Chatzivasileiadis

In the course of the energy transition, the expansion of generation and consumption will change, and many of these technologies, such as PV systems, electric cars and heat pumps, will influence the power flow, especially in the distribution…

AC/multi-terminal DC (MTDC) hybrid power systems have emerged as a solution for the large-scale and longdistance accommodation of power produced by renewable energy systems (RESs). To ensure the optimal operation of such hybrid power…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-09-26 Haixiao Li , Aleksandra Lekić

Optimal power flow (OPF) over power transmission networks poses challenging large-scale nonlinear optimization problems, which involve a large number of quadratic equality and indefinite quadratic inequality constraints. These…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-02-14 Y. Shi , H. D. Tuan , P. Apkarian , A. V. Savkin

The Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem is pivotal for power system operations, guiding generator output and power distribution to meet demand at minimized costs, while adhering to physical and engineering constraints. The integration of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Chen Li , Alexander Kies , Kai Zhou , Markus Schlott , Omar El Sayed , Mariia Bilousova , Horst Stoecker

The optimal power flow (OPF) problem minimizes power system operating cost subject to both engineering and network constraints. With the potential to find global solutions, significant research interest has focused on convex relaxations of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-02-03 Daniel K. Molzahn , Ian A. Hiskens

Recent advances in open source interior-point optimization methods and power system related software have provided researchers and educators with the necessary platform for simulating and optimizing power networks with unprecedented…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-11-03 Juraj Kardos , Drosos Kourounis , Olaf Schenk , Ray Zimmerman

This paper introduces, for the first time to our knowledge, physics-informed neural networks to accurately estimate the AC-OPF result and delivers rigorous guarantees about their performance. Power system operators, along with several other…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-29 Rahul Nellikkath , Spyros Chatzivasileiadis

This article develops a strengthened convex quadratic convex (QC) relaxation of the AC Optimal Power Flow (AC-OPF) problem and presents an optimization-based bound-tightening (OBBT) algorithm to compute tight, feasible bounds on the voltage…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-01-30 Kaarthik Sundar , Harsha Nagarajan , Sidhant Misra , Mowen Lu , Carleton Coffrin , Russell Bent

Optimal Power Flow (OPF) is an important tool used to coordinate assets in electric power systems to ensure customer voltages are within pre-defined tolerances and to improve distribution system operations. While convex relaxations of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-11-18 Michael D. Sankur , Roel Dobbe , Emma Stewart , Duncan S. Callaway , Daniel B. Arnold

The optimal power flow is an optimization problem used in power systems operational planning to maximize economic efficiency while satisfying demand and maintaining safety margins. Due to uncertainty and variability in renewable energy…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-02-18 Deepjyoti Deka , Sidhant Misra

The trend in the electric power system is to move towards increased amounts of distributed resources which suggests a transition from the current highly centralized to a more distributed control structure. In this paper, we propose a method…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-10-17 Javad Mohammadi , Soummya Kar , Gabriela Hug

Stepwise controllable devices, such as switched capacitors or stepwise controllable loads and generators, transform the nonconvex AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF) problem into a nonconvex mixed-integer (MI) programming problem which is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-13 Johannes Heid , Nils Bornhorst , Eric Tönges , Philipp Härtel , Denis Mende , Martin Braun
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