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Related papers: About constant-product automated market makers

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Automated market makers, first popularized by Hanson's logarithmic market scoring rule (or LMSR) for prediction markets, have become important building blocks, called 'primitives,' for decentralized finance. A particularly useful primitive…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2021-01-13 Guillermo Angeris , Tarun Chitra

One of the exciting recent developments in decentralized finance (DeFi) has been the development of decentralized cryptocurrency exchanges that can autonomously handle conversion between different cryptocurrencies. Decentralized exchange…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2021-01-11 Bhaskar Krishnamachari , Qi Feng , Eugenio Grippo

Automated market makers are a popular mechanism used on decentralized exchange, through which users trade assets with each other directly and automatically through a liquidity pool and a fixed pricing function. The liquidity provider…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-11-27 Xue Dong He , Chen Yang , Yutian Zhou

Blockchain technology has revolutionized financial markets by enabling decentralized exchanges (DEXs) that operate without intermediaries. Uniswap V2, a leading DEX, facilitates the rapid creation and trading of new tokens, which offer high…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-02-18 Manuel Naviglio , Francesco Tarantelli , Fabrizio Lillo

Constant Product Market Makers use fees that are typically fixed proportions of trade size. When these fees are automatically reinvested into the pool, as in Uniswap~V2 and some designs of Uniswap V4, the final state after a trade can…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Andrey Voronin , Roman Vlasov , Vladimir Gorgadze , Andrey Seoev , Yury Yanovich

Automated Market Makers (AMMs) are a central component of decentralized exchanges, yet their equilibrium foundations and microeconomic mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This paper develops a dynamic equilibrium framework for…

General Economics · Economics 2026-03-10 Chengqi Zang , Zhenghui Wang , Weitong Zhang

Automated Market Makers (AMMs) are a cornerstone of decentralized finance. They are smart contracts (stateful programs) running on blockchains. They enable virtual token exchange: traders swap tokens with the AMM for a fee, while liquidity…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Hongyin Chen , Amit Vaisman , Ittay Eyal

In this paper we analyze constant product market makers (CPMMs). We formalize the liquidity providers' profitability conditions and introduce a concept we call the profitability frontier in the xyk-space. We study the effect of mint and…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2023-03-29 Tobias Bitterli , Fabian Schär

The paper introduces a new type of constant function market maker, the constant power root market marker. We show that the constant sum (used by mStable), constant product (used by Uniswap and Balancer), constant reserve (HOLD-ing), and…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Mike Wu , Will McTighe

Decentralized Exchanges (DEXs) are new types of marketplaces leveraging Blockchain technology. They allow users to trade assets with Automatic Market Makers (AMM), using funds provided by liquidity providers, removing the need for order…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-02-08 Yogev Bar-On , Yishay Mansour

This paper develops a robust mathematical framework for Constant Function Market Makers (CFMMs) by transitioning from traditional token reserve analyses to a coordinate system defined by price and intrinsic liquidity. We establish a…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-03-03 Jimmy Risk , Shen-Ning Tung , Tai-Ho Wang

In this paper, we introduce a novel framework to model the exchange rate dynamics between two intrinsically linked cryptoassets, such as stablecoins pegged to the same fiat currency or a liquid staking token and its associated native token.…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2024-11-14 Philippe Bergault , Louis Bertucci , David Bouba , Olivier Guéant , Julien Guilbert

In decentralized finance, any individual can pool their assets into an automated market maker (AMM) -- herein we focus on the constant product market maker (CPMM) -- in exchange for a claim on a fraction of future pool assets and fees…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-01-27 Maxim Bichuch , Zachary Feinstein

Constant function market makers (CFMMs) are the most popular type of decentralized trading venue for cryptocurrency tokens. In this paper, we give a very general geometric framework (or 'axioms') which encompass and generalize many of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-08-17 Guillermo Angeris , Tarun Chitra , Theo Diamandis , Alex Evans , Kshitij Kulkarni

Automated market makers (AMMs) are a new type of trading venues which are revolutionising the way market participants interact. At present, the majority of AMMs are constant function market makers (CFMMs) where a deterministic trading…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2024-07-25 Marcello Monga

Automated market makers (AMMs) have emerged as the dominant market mechanism for trading on decentralized exchanges implemented on blockchains. This paper presents a single mechanism that targets two important unsolved problems for AMMs:…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2025-02-13 Austin Adams , Ciamac C. Moallemi , Sara Reynolds , Dan Robinson

An automated market maker (AMM) provides a method for creating a decentralized exchange on the blockchain. For this purpose, individual investors lend liquidity to the AMM pool in exchange for a stream of fees earned from its operations as…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-09-30 Maxim Bichuch , Zachary Feinstein

Batch auctions are a classical market microstructure, acclaimed for their fairness properties, and have received renewed interest in the context of blockchain-based financial systems. Constant function market makers (CFMMs) are another…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Geoffrey Ramseyer , Mohak Goyal , Ashish Goel , David Mazières

AMMs are autonomous smart contracts deployed on a blockchain that make markets between different assets that live on that chain. In this paper we are examining a specific class of AMMs called Constant Function Market Makers whose trading…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2021-11-18 Stefan Loesch , Nate Hindman , Mark B Richardson , Nicholas Welch

Decentralized exchanges are widely used platforms for trading crypto assets. The most common types work with automated market makers (AMM), allowing traders to exchange assets without needing to find matching counterparties. Thereby,…

General Economics · Economics 2024-02-12 Matthias Hafner , Helmut Dietl