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We consider the simple random walk on the $N$-dimensional integer lattice from the perspective of evaluating asymptotically the duration of play in the multidimensional gambler\apost s ruin problem. We show that, under suitable rescalings,…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-12-08 Achillefs Tzioufas

In the extended gambler's ruin problem we can move one step forward or backward (classical gambler's ruin problem), we can stay where we are for a time unit (delayed action) or there can be absorption in the current state (game is…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-03-28 Theo van Uem

In this note, by an elementary use of Girsanov's transform we show that the exit time for either a biased random walk or a drifted Brownian motion on a symmetric interval is stochastically monotone with respect to the drift parameter. In…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-06-05 Xi Geng , Greg Markowsky

We study the gambler's ruin problem for the Elephant Random Walk, focusing on escape time from a symmetric interval of the form $\{-N, \ldots, N\}$. As our main result, we derive tight exponential bounds for the tail of this escape time. We…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-02-24 Morgan André , Leonel Zuaznábar

We study the following game. Three players start with initial capitals of $s_{1},s_{2},s_{3}$ dollars; in each round player $P_{m}$ is selected with probability $\frac{1}{3}$; then \emph{he} selects player $P_{n}$ and they play a game in…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Ath. Kehagias , G. Gkyzis , A. Karakoulakis , A. Kyprianidis

Using experimental mathematics and symbolic computation, we derive many moments for the duration of a three player (fair) gambler's ruin.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-09-19 Shalosh B. Ekhad , Doron Zeilberger

We present here a new extended model of the gambler's ruin problem by incorporating delays in receiving of rewards and paying of penalties. When there is a difference between two delays, an exact analysis of the ruin probability is…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-10-23 Tomohisa Imai , Toru Ohira

The multiplayer dynamics of a football game is analyzed to unveil self-similarities in the time evolution of player and ball positioning. Temporal fluctuations in both the team-turf boundary and the ball location are uncovered to follow the…

Popular Physics · Physics 2014-02-20 Akifumi Kijima , Keiko Yokoyama , Hiroyuki Shima , Yuji Yamamoto

Consider gambler's ruin with three players, 1, 2, and 3, having initial capitals $A$, $B$, and $C$ units. At each round a pair of players is chosen (uniformly at random) and a fair coin flip is made resulting in the transfer of one unit…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-04-20 Persi Diaconis , Stewart N. Ethier

The gambler's ruin problem for correlated random walks (CRW), both with and without delays, is addressed using the Optional Stopping Theorem for martingales. We derive closed-form expressions for the ruin probabilities and the expected game…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-06-03 Vladimir Pozdnyakov

We used the random walk to model the problem of reserves. The classic case of a stochastic process is the example of random walks, which are used to study a set of phenomena and, particularly, as in this article, models of reserves…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-09-22 Manuel Alberto M. Ferreira , José António Filipe

In this paper we provide formulas for the expectation of a conditional game duration in a finite state-space one-dimensional gambler's ruin problem with arbitrary winning $p(n)$ and losing $q(n)$ probabilities (i.e., they depend on the…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-11-30 Paweł Lorek , Piotr Markowski

Two losing gambling games, when alternated in a periodic or random fashion, can produce a winning game. This paradox has been inspired by certain physical systems capable of rectifying fluctuations: the so-called Brownian ratchets. In this…

Physics and Society · Physics 2014-10-03 J. M. R. Parrondo , L. Dinis

The effect of space inhomogeneities on a diffusing particle is studied in the framework of the 1D random walk. The typical time needed by a particle to cross a one--dimensional finite lane, the so--called residence time, is computed…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-06-26 A. Ciallella , E. N. M. Cirillo

We study an elementary two-player card game where in each round players compare cards and the holder of the smallest card wins. Using the rate equations approach, we treat the stochastic version of the game in which cards are drawn…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2007-05-23 E. Ben-Naim , P. L. Krapivsky

A gambler with an initial fortune $x$ starts by betting a dollar, then doubles the bet after every win and halves the bet after every loss. Let $p\in (0,1)$ be the probability of winning for each round. We show that the gambler survives…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-12-12 Aditya Guha Roy , Yuval Peres , Shuo Qin , Junchi Zuo

We give explicit formulas for ruin probabilities in a multidimensional Generalized Gambler's ruin problem. The generalization is best interpreted as a game of one player against $d$ other players, allowing arbitrary winning and losing…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-09-26 Paweł Lorek

We consider a random walk in a truncated cone $K_N$, which is obtained by slicing cone $K$ by a hyperplane at a growing level of order $N$. We study the behaviour of the Green function in this truncated cone as $N$ increases. Using these…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-12-23 Denis Denisov , Vitali Wachtel

Define a certain gambler's ruin process $\mathbf{X}_{j}, \mbox{ \ }j\ge 0,$ such that the increments $\varepsilon_{j}:=\mathbf{X}_{j}-\mathbf{X}_{j-1}$ take values $\pm1$ and satisfy $P(\varepsilon_{j+1}=1|\varepsilon_{j}=1,…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-05-22 Gregory J. Morrow

Based on Brownian ratchets, a counter-intuitive phenomenon has recently emerged -- namely, that two losing games can yield, when combined, a paradoxical tendency to win. A restriction of this phenomenon is that the rules depend on the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-10-31 Juan M. R. Parrondo , Gregory P. Harmer , Derek Abbott
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