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TMs are a pattern recognition approach that uses finite state machines for learning and propositional logic to represent patterns. In addition to being natively interpretable, they have provided competitive accuracy for various tasks. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Rupsa Saha , Ole-Christoffer Granmo , Vladimir I. Zadorozhny , Morten Goodwin

The Tsetlin Machine (TM) offers high-speed inference on resource-constrained devices such as CPUs. Its logic-driven operations naturally lend themselves to parallel execution on modern CPU architectures. Motivated by this, we propose an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Yefan Zeng , Shengyu Duan , Rishad Shafik , Alex Yakovlev

This paper introduces the Sparse Tsetlin Machine (STM), a novel Tsetlin Machine (TM) that processes sparse data efficiently. Traditionally, the TM does not consider data characteristics such as sparsity, commonly seen in NLP applications…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Sebastian Østby , Tobias M. Brambo , Sondre Glimsdal

Tsetlin Machine (TM) has been gaining popularity as an inherently interpretable machine leaning method that is able to achieve promising performance with low computational complexity on a variety of applications. The interpretability and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Jivitesh Sharma , Ole-Christoffer Granmo , Lei Jiao

The Tsetlin Machine (TM) has gained significant attention in Machine Learning (ML). By employing logical fundamentals, it facilitates pattern learning and representation, offering an alternative approach for developing comprehensible…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Ahmed K. Kadhim , Ole-Christoffer Granmo , Lei Jiao , Rishad Shafik

Tsetlin Machine (TM) is an interpretable pattern recognition algorithm based on propositional logic, which has demonstrated competitive performance in many Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, including sentiment analysis, text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Rohan Kumar Yadav , Lei Jiao , Ole-Christoffer Granmo , Morten Goodwin

Tsetlin Machines (TMs) have emerged as a compelling alternative to conventional deep learning methods, offering notable advantages such as smaller memory footprint, faster inference, fault-tolerant properties, and interpretability. Although…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-14 K. Darshana Abeyrathna , Sara El Mekkaoui , Andreas Hafver , Christian Agrell

In this paper, we introduce a sparse Tsetlin Machine (TM) with absorbing Tsetlin Automata (TA) states. In brief, the TA of each clause literal has both an absorbing Exclude- and an absorbing Include state, making the learning scheme…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Bimal Bhattarai , Ole-Christoffer Granmo , Lei Jiao , Per-Arne Andersen , Svein Anders Tunheim , Rishad Shafik , Alex Yakovlev

The Regression Tsetlin Machine (RTM) addresses the lack of interpretability impeding state-of-the-art nonlinear regression models. It does this by using conjunctive clauses in propositional logic to capture the underlying non-linear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-05 K. Darshana Abeyrathna , Ole-Christoffer Granmo , Morten Goodwin

Medical applications challenge today's text categorization techniques by demanding both high accuracy and ease-of-interpretation. Although deep learning has provided a leap ahead in accuracy, this leap comes at the sacrifice of…

The proliferation of fake news, i.e., news intentionally spread for misinformation, poses a threat to individuals and society. Despite various fact-checking websites such as PolitiFact, robust detection techniques are required to deal with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-20 Bimal Bhattarai , Ole-Christoffer Granmo , Lei Jiao

The Tsetlin Machine (TM) has recently attracted attention as a low-power alternative to neural networks due to its simple and interpretable inference mechanisms. However, its performance on speech-related tasks remains limited. This paper…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Baizhou Lin , Yuetong Fang , Renjing Xu , Rishad Shafik , Jagmohan Chauhan

Scaling large language models (LLMs) has driven significant advancements, yet it faces diminishing returns and escalating energy demands. This work explores how test-time compute (TTC) can serve as an energy-efficient complement to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Yunho Jin , Gu-Yeon Wei , David Brooks

We present an all-digital programmable machine learning accelerator chip for image classification, underpinning on the Tsetlin machine (TM) principles. The TM is an emerging machine learning algorithm founded on propositional logic,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Svein Anders Tunheim , Yujin Zheng , Lei Jiao , Rishad Shafik , Alex Yakovlev , Ole-Christoffer Granmo

Tsetlin Machines (TMs) capture patterns using conjunctive clauses in propositional logic, thus facilitating interpretation. However, recent TM-based approaches mainly rely on inspecting the full range of clauses individually. Such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-29 Christian D. Blakely , Ole-Christoffer Granmo

Large language models (LLMs) have exhibited impressive zero-shot performance on inference tasks. However, LLMs may suffer from spurious correlations between input texts and output labels, which limits LLMs' ability to reason based purely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Yingjie Li , Yun Luo , Xiaotian Xie , Yue Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance on multiple-choice question answering (MCQA) benchmarks, yet they remain highly vulnerable to minor input perturbations. In this paper, we introduce and evaluate Token…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Jui-Ming Yao , Hao-Yuan Chen , Zi-Xian Tang , Bing-Jia Tan , Sheng-Wei Peng , Bing-Cheng Xie , Shun-Feng Su

The Tsetlin Machine (TM) is a novel machine-learning algorithm based on propositional logic, which has obtained state-of-the-art performance on several pattern recognition problems. In previous studies, the convergence properties of TM for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-05 Lei Jiao , Xuan Zhang , Ole-Christoffer Granmo

Chinese Spell Checking (CSC) aims to detect and correct spelling errors in sentences. Despite Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit robust capabilities and are widely applied in various tasks, their performance on CSC is often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Kunting Li , Yong Hu , Liang He , Fandong Meng , Jie Zhou

Compressive learning (CL) is an emerging framework that integrates signal acquisition via compressed sensing (CS) and machine learning for inference tasks directly on a small number of measurements. It can be a promising alternative to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Chong Mou , Jian Zhang