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One of the mysteries in the success of neural networks is randomly initialized first order methods like gradient descent can achieve zero training loss even though the objective function is non-convex and non-smooth. This paper demystifies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-06 Simon S. Du , Xiyu Zhai , Barnabas Poczos , Aarti Singh

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have demonstrated dominating performance in many fields; since AlexNet, networks used in practice are going wider and deeper. On the theoretical side, a long line of works has been focusing on training neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Zeyuan Allen-Zhu , Yuanzhi Li , Zhao Song

In this paper, we study the data-dependent convergence and generalization behavior of gradient methods for neural networks with smooth activation. Our first result is a novel bound on the excess risk of deep networks trained by the logistic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Hossein Taheri , Christos Thrampoulidis , Arya Mazumdar

We analyze recurrent neural networks with diagonal hidden-to-hidden weight matrices, trained with gradient descent in the supervised learning setting, and prove that gradient descent can achieve optimality \emph{without} massive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Semih Cayci , Atilla Eryilmaz

This dissertation studies a fundamental open challenge in deep learning theory: why do deep networks generalize well even while being overparameterized, unregularized and fitting the training data to zero error? In the first part of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Vaishnavh Nagarajan

Gradient-based methods successfully train highly overparameterized models in practice, even though the associated optimization problems are markedly nonconvex. Understanding the mechanisms that make such methods effective has become a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Hippolyte Labarrière , Cesare Molinari , Lorenzo Rosasco , Cristian Vega , Silvia Villa

We study the overparametrization bounds required for the global convergence of stochastic gradient descent algorithm for a class of one hidden layer feed-forward neural networks, considering most of the activation functions used in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-17 Bartłomiej Polaczyk , Jacek Cyranka

Motivated by the growing use of artificial intelligence (AI) tools in control design, this paper analyses the intersection between results from gradient methods for the model-free linear quadratic regulator (LQR), and linear feedforward…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-27 Arthur Castello B. de Oliveira , Milad Siami , Eduardo D. Sontag

We address the challenging problem of deep representation learning--the efficient adaption of a pre-trained deep network to different tasks. Specifically, we propose to explore gradient-based features. These features are gradients of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Fangzhou Mu , Yingyu Liang , Yin Li

A fairly comprehensive analysis is presented for the gradient descent dynamics for training two-layer neural network models in the situation when the parameters in both layers are updated. General initialization schemes as well as general…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-27 Weinan E , Chao Ma , Lei Wu

Deep learning networks excel at classification, yet identifying minimal architectures that reliably solve a task remains challenging. We present a computational methodology for systematically exploring and analyzing the relationships among…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Ziwei Zheng , Huizhi Liang , Vaclav Snasel , Vito Latora , Panos Pardalos , Giuseppe Nicosia , Varun Ojha

Quantum neural networks (QNNs) are a framework for creating quantum algorithms that promises to combine the speedups of quantum computation with the widespread successes of machine learning. A major challenge in QNN development is a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-18 Maria Kieferova , Ortiz Marrero Carlos , Nathan Wiebe

Training deep neural networks (DNNs) is an important and challenging optimization problem in machine learning due to its non-convexity and non-separable structure. The alternating minimization (AM) approaches split the composition structure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Jintao Xu , Chenglong Bao , Wenxun Xing

In this work, we establish non-asymptotic convergence bounds for the Gauss-Newton method in training neural networks with smooth activations. In the underparameterized regime, the Gauss-Newton gradient flow in parameter space induces a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-23 Semih Cayci

Modern deep models are often pretrained on large-scale data with missing labels using composite objectives, where the relative weights of multiple loss terms act as hyperparameters. Tuning these weights with random search or Bayesian…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Ivan Karpukhin , Andrey Savchenko

The training of neural networks by gradient descent methods is a cornerstone of the deep learning revolution. Yet, despite some recent progress, a complete theory explaining its success is still missing. This article presents, for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-15 Etienne Boursier , Loucas Pillaud-Vivien , Nicolas Flammarion

Sobolev loss is used when training a network to approximate the values and derivatives of a target function at a prescribed set of input points. Recent works have demonstrated its successful applications in various tasks such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-18 Jorio Cocola , Paul Hand

We rigorously analyse fully-trained neural networks of arbitrary depth in the Bayesian optimal setting in the so-called proportional scaling regime where the number of training samples and width of the input and all inner layers diverge…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-05-07 Francesco Camilli , Daria Tieplova , Eleonora Bergamin , Jean Barbier

Learn to Optimize (L2O) trains deep neural network-based solvers for optimization, achieving success in accelerating convex problems and improving non-convex solutions. However, L2O lacks rigorous theoretical backing for its own training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Qingyu Song , Wei Lin , Hong Xu

Enforcing orthonormal or isometric property for the weight matrices has been shown to enhance the training of deep neural networks by mitigating gradient exploding/vanishing and increasing the robustness of the learned networks. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Zhen Qin , Xuwei Tan , Zhihui Zhu