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Deep neural networks (DNNs) are instrumental in realizing complex perception systems. As many of these applications are safety-critical by design, engineering rigor is required to ensure that the functional insufficiency of the DNN-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Chih-Hong Cheng , Michael Luttenberger , Rongjie Yan

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have revolutionized a wide range of industries, from healthcare and finance to automotive, by offering unparalleled capabilities in data analysis and decision-making. Despite their transforming impact, DNNs face…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Zhenyu Liu , Garrett Gagnon , Swagath Venkataramani , Liu Liu

Recent progress in deep reinforcement learning (DRL) can be largely attributed to the use of neural networks. However, this black-box approach fails to explain the learned policy in a human understandable way. To address this challenge and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-17 Zhihao Ma , Yuzheng Zhuang , Paul Weng , Hankz Hankui Zhuo , Dong Li , Wulong Liu , Jianye Hao

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are powerful tools for various computer vision tasks, yet they often struggle with reliable uncertainty quantification - a critical requirement for real-world applications. Bayesian Neural Networks (BNN) are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Gianni Franchi , Olivier Laurent , Maxence Leguéry , Andrei Bursuc , Andrea Pilzer , Angela Yao

Deep neural networks (DNN) have achieved unprecedented performance in computer-vision tasks almost ubiquitously in business, technology, and science. While substantial efforts are made to engineer highly accurate architectures and provide…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-08 Sumedha Singla

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are increasingly used in safety-critical autonomous systems as perception components processing high-dimensional image data. Formal analysis of these systems is particularly challenging due to the complexity of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-13 Corina S. Pasareanu , Ravi Mangal , Divya Gopinath , Sinem Getir Yaman , Calum Imrie , Radu Calinescu , Huafeng Yu

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has become a dominant deep-learning paradigm for tasks where complex policies are learned within reactive systems. Unfortunately, these policies are known to be susceptible to bugs. Despite significant…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-01-12 Guy Amir , Davide Corsi , Raz Yerushalmi , Luca Marzari , David Harel , Alessandro Farinelli , Guy Katz

Deep learning, a branch of artificial intelligence, is a data-driven method that uses multiple layers of interconnected units or neurons to learn intricate patterns and representations directly from raw input data. Empowered by this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Mohd Halim Mohd Noor , Ayokunle Olalekan Ige

Safety is one of the most important development goals for highly automated driving (HAD) systems. This applies in particular to the perception function driven by Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). For these, large parts of the traditional safety…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-02-21 Timo Sämann , Peter Schlicht , Fabian Hüger

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been widely applied to solve real-world regression problems. However, selecting optimal network structures remains a significant challenge. This study addresses this issue by linking neuron selection in DNNs…

Computation · Statistics 2025-09-30 Noah Yi-Ting Hung , Li-Hsiang Lin , Vince D. Calhoun

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved remarkable success in a variety of computer vision tasks, where massive labeled images are routinely required for model optimization. Yet, the data collected from the open world are unavoidably…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-13 Peng Cui , Yang Yue , Zhijie Deng , Jun Zhu

Recently, deep neural network (DNN) has been widely adopted in the design of intelligent communication systems thanks to its strong learning ability and low testing complexity. However, most current offline DNN-based methods still suffer…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Jiabao Gao , Caijun Zhong , Geoffrey Ye Li , Zhaoyang Zhang

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are commonly used for various traffic analysis problems, such as website fingerprinting and flow correlation, as they outperform traditional (e.g., statistical) techniques by large margins. However, deep neural…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Milad Nasr , Alireza Bahramali , Amir Houmansadr

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have revolutionized computer vision. We now have DNNs that achieve top (performance) results in many problems, including object recognition, facial expression analysis, and semantic segmentation, to name but a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-05-04 Ciprian Corneanu , Meysam Madadi , Sergio Escalera , Aleix Martinez

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been shown lack of robustness for the vulnerability of their classification to small perturbations on the inputs. This has led to safety concerns of applying DNNs to safety-critical domains. Several…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Jianlin Li , Pengfei Yang , Jiangchao Liu , Liqian Chen , Xiaowei Huang , Lijun Zhang

This paper proposes a scenario-based functional testing approach for enhancing the performance of machine learning (ML) applications. The proposed method is an iterative process that starts with testing the ML model on various scenarios to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Hong Zhu , Thi Minh Tam Tran , Aduen Benjumea , Andrew Bradley

Deep learning, computational neuroscience, and cognitive science have overlapping goals related to understanding intelligence such that perception and behaviour can be simulated in computational systems. In neuroimaging, machine learning…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-10-23 Jessica A. F. Thompson , Yoshua Bengio , Elia Formisano , Marc Schönwiesner

Watermarking of deep neural networks (DNNs) has gained significant traction in recent years, with numerous (watermarking) strategies being proposed as mechanisms that can help verify the ownership of a DNN in scenarios where these models…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Giulio Pagnotta , Dorjan Hitaj , Briland Hitaj , Fernando Perez-Cruz , Luigi V. Mancini

Developing Intelligent Systems involves artificial intelligence approaches including artificial neural networks. Here, we present a tutorial of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), and some insights about the origin of the term "deep"; references…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2016-03-24 Juan C. Cuevas-Tello , Manuel Valenzuela-Rendon , Juan A. Nolazco-Flores

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have become very popular for prediction in many areas. Their strength is in representation with a high number of parameters that are commonly learned via gradient descent or similar optimization methods. However,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-10-11 Anthony Caterini , Dong Eui Chang