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Related papers: Shapley Values with Uncertain Value Functions

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Given a universe of discourse X-a domain of possible outcomes-an experiment may consist of selecting one of its elements, subject to the operation of chance, or of observing the elements, subject to imprecision. A priori uncertainty about…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-03-26 Arthur Ramer

Shapley values are widely recognized as a principled method for attributing importance to input features in machine learning. However, the exact computation of Shapley values scales exponentially with the number of features, severely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Majid Mohammadi , Krikamol Muandet , Ilaria Tiddi , Annette Ten Teije , Siu Lun Chau

A large branch of explainable machine learning is grounded in cooperative game theory. However, research indicates that game-theoretic explanations may mislead or be hard to interpret. We argue that often there is a critical mismatch…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Luca Franceschi , Michele Donini , Cédric Archambeau , Matthias Seeger

Structural Causal Models (SCM) are a powerful framework for describing complicated dynamics across the natural sciences. A particularly elegant way of interpreting SCMs is do-Shapley, a game-theoretic method of quantifying the average…

In many areas of engineering and sciences, decision rules and control strategies are usually designed based on nominal values of relevant system parameters. To ensure that a control strategy or decision rule will work properly when the…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-06-16 Xinjia Chen

Shapley values have been used extensively in machine learning, not only to explain black box machine learning models, but among other tasks, also to conduct model debugging, sensitivity and fairness analyses and to select important features…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Iqbal Madakkatel , Elina Hyppönen

Algorithmic decisions in critical domains such as hiring, college admissions, and lending are often based on rankings. Given the impact of these decisions on individuals, organizations, and population groups, it is essential to understand…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Venetia Pliatsika , Joao Fonseca , Kateryna Akhynko , Ivan Shevchenko , Julia Stoyanovich

Regularization plays a key role in a variety of optimization formulations of inverse problems. A recurring theme in regularization approaches is the selection of regularization parameters, and their effect on the solution and on the optimal…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-08-23 Aleksandr Y. Aravkin , James V. Burke , Michael P. Friedlander

Recent advances in game informatics have enabled us to find strong strategies across a diverse range of games. However, these strategies are usually difficult for humans to interpret. On the other hand, research in Explainable Artificial…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Satoru Fujii

Following the work of Lloyd Shapley on the Shapley value, and tangentially the work of Guillermo Owen, we offer an alternative non-probabilistic formulation of part of the work of Robert J. Weber in his 1978 paper "Probabilistic values for…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2019-05-13 Jacob North Clark , Stephen Montgomery-Smith

With origins in game theory, probabilistic values like Shapley values, Banzhaf values, and semi-values have emerged as a central tool in explainable AI. They are used for feature attribution, data attribution, data valuation, and more.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-14 R. Teal Witter , Yurong Liu , Christopher Musco

In stochastic decision problems, one often wants to estimate the underlying probability measure statistically, and then to use this estimate as a basis for decisions. We shall consider how the uncertainty in this estimation can be…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-05-24 Samuel N. Cohen

Uncertainty representation and quantification are paramount in machine learning and constitute an important prerequisite for safety-critical applications. In this paper, we propose novel measures for the quantification of aleatoric and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Paul Hofman , Yusuf Sale , Eyke Hüllermeier

Cooperative game theory methods, notably Shapley values, have significantly enhanced machine learning (ML) interpretability. However, existing explainable AI (XAI) frameworks mainly attribute average model predictions, overlooking…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Marouane Il Idrissi , Agathe Fernandes Machado , Ewen Gallic , Arthur Charpentier

A number of techniques have been proposed to explain a machine learning model's prediction by attributing it to the corresponding input features. Popular among these are techniques that apply the Shapley value method from cooperative game…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-29 Luke Merrick , Ankur Taly

Cooperative game theory has become a cornerstone of post-hoc interpretability in machine learning, largely through the use of Shapley values. Yet, despite their widespread adoption, Shapley-based methods often rest on axiomatic…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-18 Marouane Il Idrissi , Agathe Fernandes Machado , Arthur Charpentier

Supervised machine learning and predictive models have achieved an impressive standard today, enabling us to answer questions that were inconceivable a few years ago. Besides these successes, it becomes clear, that beyond pure prediction,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-01-29 Cornelia Gruber , Patrick Oliver Schenk , Malte Schierholz , Frauke Kreuter , Göran Kauermann

A primary motivation for reasoning under uncertainty is to derive decisions in the face of inconclusive evidence. However, Shafer's theory of belief functions, which explicitly represents the underconstrained nature of many reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-08 Thomas M. Strat

The construction of numerical value scales (or priority values) is a recurrent topic in decision-aiding research. However, in real contexts, uncertainty and limited cognitive precision often lead decision-makers to provide interval…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2025-10-21 Diego García-Zamora , José Rui Figueira

The most popular methods for measuring importance of the variables in a black box prediction algorithm make use of synthetic inputs that combine predictor variables from multiple subjects. These inputs can be unlikely, physically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-14 Masayoshi Mase , Art B. Owen , Benjamin B. Seiler