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TADS are a novel, concise white-box representation of neural networks. In this paper, we apply TADS to the problem of neural network verification, using them to generate either proofs or concise error characterizations for desirable neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-01 Gerrit Nolte , Maximilian Schlüter , Alnis Murtovi , Bernhard Steffen

Strong intelligent machines powered by deep neural networks are increasingly deployed as black boxes to make decisions in risk-sensitive domains, such as finance and medical. To reduce potential risk and build trust with users, it is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-13 Lingyang Chu , Xia Hu , Juhua Hu , Lanjun Wang , Jian Pei

As artificial intelligence increasingly drives critical decisions, the ability to genuinely explain how neural networks make predictions is essential for trust. Yet, most current explanation methods offer post-hoc rationalizations rather…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Corentin Lobet , Francesca Chiaromonte

Deep neural networks (DNNs) play an increasingly important role in various computer systems. In order to create these networks, engineers typically specify a desired topology, and then use an automated training algorithm to select the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-13 Ori Lahav , Guy Katz

Feed-forward, fully-connected Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) or the so-called Multi-Layer Perceptrons (MLPs) are well-known universal approximators. However, their learning performance varies significantly depending on the function or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-21 Serkan Kiranyaz , Turker Ince , Alexandros Iosifidis , Moncef Gabbouj

Deep neural networks (DNN) are black box algorithms. They are trained using a gradient descent back propagation technique which trains weights in each layer for the sole goal of minimizing training error. Hence, the resulting weights cannot…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-05 Daniel Goldfarb

This paper presents LEXR, a framework for explaining the decision making of recurrent neural networks (RNNs) using a formal description language called Linear Temporal Logic (LTL). LTL is the de facto standard for the specification of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-06-15 Bishwamittra Ghosh , Daniel Neider

During the last decade, deep neural networks (DNN) have demonstrated impressive performances solving a wide range of problems in various domains such as medicine, finance, law, etc. Despite their great performances, they have long been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Jiechieu Kameni Florentin Flambeau , Tsopze Norbert

In exchange for large quantities of data and processing power, deep neural networks have yielded models that provide state of the art predication capabilities in many fields. However, a lack of strong guarantees on their behaviour have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-22 Haakon Robinson , Adil Rasheed , Omer San

This work formally introduces Y-wise Affine Neural Networks (YANNs), a fully-explainable network architecture that continuously and efficiently represent piecewise affine functions with polytopic subdomains. Following from the proofs, it is…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-21 Austin Braniff , Yuhe Tian

Consider a binary classification problem solved using a feed-forward artificial neural network (ANN). Let the ANN be composed of a ReLU layer and several linear layers (convolution, sum-pooling, or fully connected). We assume the network…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Ingo Schmitt

In this manuscript, we show that any neural network with any activation function can be represented as a decision tree. The representation is equivalence and not an approximation, thus keeping the accuracy of the neural network exactly as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Caglar Aytekin

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) can learn continuous vector representations of symbolic structures such as sequences and sentences; these representations often exhibit linear regularities (analogies). Such regularities motivate our…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-03-06 R. Thomas McCoy , Tal Linzen , Ewan Dunbar , Paul Smolensky

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are universal function approximators providing state-of- the-art solutions on wide range of applications. Common perceptual tasks such as speech recognition, image classification, and object tracking are now…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-11-08 Randall Balestriero , Richard Baraniuk

While machine learning techniques have been successfully applied in several fields, the black-box nature of the models presents challenges for interpreting and explaining the results. We develop a new framework called Adaptive Explainable…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-03 Jie Chen , Joel Vaughan , Vijayan N. Nair , Agus Sudjianto

Deep neural networks (DNNs) and decision trees (DTs) are both state-of-the-art classifiers. DNNs perform well due to their representational learning capabilities, while DTs are computationally efficient as they perform inference along one…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Noam Gottlieb , Michael Werman

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have transformed fields such as computer vision and natural language processing by employing architectures aligned with domain-specific structural patterns. In algorithmic trading, however, there remains a lack…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Longfei Lu

Nonlinear methods such as Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are the gold standard for various challenging machine learning problems, e.g., image classification, natural language processing or human action recognition. Although these methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-15 Grégoire Montavon , Sebastian Bach , Alexander Binder , Wojciech Samek , Klaus-Robert Müller

Neural networks (NNs) achieve outstanding performance in many domains; however, their decision processes are often opaque and their inference can be computationally expensive in resource-constrained environments. We recently proposed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Chang Yue , Niraj K. Jha

Today, it is more important than ever before for users to have trust in the models they use. As Machine Learning models fall under increased regulatory scrutiny and begin to see more applications in high-stakes situations, it becomes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-03 William Knauth
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