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Open Set Recognition (OSR) is about dealing with unknown situations that were not learned by the models during training. In this paper, we provide a survey of existing works about OSR and distinguish their respective advantages and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Atefeh Mahdavi , Marco Carvalho

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) enable users to interact with the external world using brain activity. Despite their potential in neuroscience and industry, BCI performance remains inconsistent in noninvasive applications, often…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2024-07-17 Juliana Gonzalez-Astudillo , Fabrizio De Vico Fallani

Assuming unknown classes could be present during classification, the open set recognition (OSR) task aims to classify an instance into a known class or reject it as unknown. In this paper, we use a two-stage training strategy for the OSR…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-30 Jingyun Jia , Philip K. Chan

Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology establishes a direct communication pathway between the brain and external devices. Current visual BCI systems suffer from insufficient information transfer rates (ITRs) for practical use. Spatial…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Gege Ming , Weihua Pei , Sen Tian , Xiaogang Chen , Xiaorong Gao , Yijun Wang

Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) enable converting the brain electrical activity of an interface user to the user commands. BCI research studies demonstrated encouraging results in different areas such as neurorehabilitation, control of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-07 Alexandra Samsonova , Barry J. Devereux , Georgios Karakonstantis , Lev Mukhanov

In the field of brain-computer interface (BCI) research, the availability of high-quality open-access datasets is essential to benchmark the performance of emerging algorithms. The existing open-access datasets from past competitions mostly…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Anirban Chowdhury , Javier Andreu-Perez

Open-set domain generalization (OSDG) tackles the dual challenge of recognizing unknown classes while simultaneously striving to generalize across unseen domains without using target data during training. In this article, an OSDG framework…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Amirreza Khoshbakht , Erchan Aptoula

New mental tasks were investigated for suitability in Brain-Computer Interface (BCI). Electroencephalography (EEG) signals were collected and analyzed to identify these mental tasks. MS Windows-based software was developed for investigating…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-07-07 Zahmeeth Sayed Sakkaff

Non-invasive brain-computer interfaces that decode spoken commands from electroencephalogram must be both accurate and trustworthy. We present a confidence-aware decoding framework that couples deep ensembles of compact, speech-oriented…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Soowon Kim , Byung-Kwan Ko , Seo-Hyun Lee

A major issue in Motor Imagery Brain-Computer Interfaces (MI-BCIs) is their poor classification accuracy and the large amount of data that is required for subject-specific calibration. This makes BCIs less accessible to general users in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Maryam Alimardani , Steven Kocken , Nikki Leeuwis

Open-set image recognition (OSR) aims to both classify known-class samples and identify unknown-class samples in the testing set, which supports robust classifiers in many realistic applications, such as autonomous driving, medical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Jiayin Sun , Qiulei Dong

Brain-computer interface (BCI) provides an alternative means to communicate and it has sparked growing interest in the past two decades. Specifically, for Steady-State Visual Evoked Potential based BCI, marked improvement has been made in…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-24 Bingchuan Liu , Xiaoshan Huang , Yijun Wang , Xiaogang Chen , Xiaorong Gao

An Event-Related Potential (ERP)-based Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) Speller System assists people with disabilities to communicate by decoding electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. A P300-ERP embedded in EEG signals arises in response to a…

Applications · Statistics 2026-02-18 Tianwen Ma , Jane E. Huggins , Jian Kang

This paper explores the potential for using Brain Computer Interfaces (BCI) as a relevance feedback mechanism in content-based image retrieval. We investigate if it is possible to capture useful EEG signals to detect if relevant objects are…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2015-04-10 Eva Mohedano , Amaia Salvador , Sergi Porta , Xavier Giró-i-Nieto , Graham Healy , Kevin McGuinness , Noel O'Connor , Alan F. Smeaton

Recent advancements in subject-driven image generation have led to zero-shot generation, yet precise selection and focus on crucial subject representations remain challenging. Addressing this, we introduce the SSR-Encoder, a novel…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Yuxuan Zhang , Yiren Song , Jiaming Liu , Rui Wang , Jinpeng Yu , Hao Tang , Huaxia Li , Xu Tang , Yao Hu , Han Pan , Zhongliang Jing

Electroencephalography (EEG)-based wearable brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) face challenges due to low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and non-stationary neural activity. We introduce in this manuscript a mathematically rigorous framework that…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-09-24 Eva Guttmann-Flury , Shan Zhao , Jian Zhao , Mohamad Sawan

The analysis of brain connectivity aims to understand the emergence of functional networks into the brain. This information can be used in the process of electroencephalographic (EEG) signal analysis and classification for a braincomputer…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2020-07-28 J. A. Gaxiola-Tirado

Deep learning frameworks have become increasingly popular in brain computer interface (BCI) study thanks to their outstanding performance. However, in terms of the classification model alone, they are treated as black box as they do not…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Ji-Seon Bang , Seong-Whan Lee

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) provide alternative communication methods for individuals with motor disabilities by allowing control and interaction with external devices. Non-invasive BCIs, especially those using electroencephalography…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Aline Xavier Fidêncio , Felix Grün , Christian Klaes , Ioannis Iossifidis

Recent advances in brain-computer interface (BCI) technology, particularly based on generative adversarial networks (GAN), have shown great promise for improving decoding performance for BCI. Within the realm of Brain-Computer Interfaces…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-01 Young-Eun Lee , Seo-Hyun Lee , Soowon Kim , Jung-Sun Lee , Deok-Seon Kim , Seong-Whan Lee