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Advancements in artificial intelligence and machine learning have significantly improved synthetic speech generation. This paper explores diffusion models, a novel method for creating realistic synthetic speech. We create a diffusion…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Anton Firc , Kamil Malinka , Petr Hanáček

Deepfake speech represents a real and growing threat to systems and society. Many detectors have been created to aid in defense against speech deepfakes. While these detectors implement myriad methodologies, many rely on low-level fragments…

Deepfakes have become a universal and rapidly intensifying concern of generative AI across various media types such as images, audio, and videos. Among these, audio deepfakes have been of particular concern due to the ease of high-quality…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Xiang Li , Pin-Yu Chen , Wenqi Wei

Advances in deep learning have introduced a new wave of voice synthesis tools, capable of producing audio that sounds as if spoken by a target speaker. If successful, such tools in the wrong hands will enable a range of powerful attacks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Emily Wenger , Max Bronckers , Christian Cianfarani , Jenna Cryan , Angela Sha , Haitao Zheng , Ben Y. Zhao

Speech deepfake detectors are often evaluated on clean, benchmark-style conditions, but deployment occurs in an open world of shifting devices, sampling rates, codecs, environments, and attack families. This creates a ``coverage debt" for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Visar Berisha , Prad Kadambi , Isabella Lenz

Current text-to-speech algorithms produce realistic fakes of human voices, making deepfake detection a much-needed area of research. While researchers have presented various techniques for detecting audio spoofs, it is often unclear exactly…

Generative deep learning algorithms have progressed to a point where it is difficult to tell the difference between what is real and what is fake. In 2018, it was discovered how easy it is to use this technology for unethical and malicious…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-23 Yisroel Mirsky , Wenke Lee

Recent progress in generative AI has made it increasingly easy to create natural-sounding deepfake speech from just a few seconds of audio. While these tools support helpful applications, they also raise serious concerns by making it…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-07 Xi Xuan , Yang Xiao , Rohan Kumar Das , Tomi Kinnunen

For nearly a decade, deepfake detection has been framed as a classification task: given an audio or video clip, decide whether it is real or synthetic. Top detectors often report high accuracy on standard benchmarks; however, performance…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jessee Ho , Shweta Khushu , Shaina Raza

With the recent advances in voice synthesis, AI-synthesized fake voices are indistinguishable to human ears and widely are applied to produce realistic and natural DeepFakes, exhibiting real threats to our society. However, effective and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-18 Run Wang , Felix Juefei-Xu , Yihao Huang , Qing Guo , Xiaofei Xie , Lei Ma , Yang Liu

Text-to-Speech (TTS) and Voice Conversion (VC) models have exhibited remarkable performance in generating realistic and natural audio. However, their dark side, audio deepfake poses a significant threat to both society and individuals.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Xinfeng Li , Kai Li , Yifan Zheng , Chen Yan , Xiaoyu Ji , Wenyuan Xu

Recent advancements in machine learning and computer vision have led to the proliferation of Deepfakes. As technology democratizes over time, there is an increasing fear that novice users can create Deepfakes, to discredit others and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-01 Pulak Mehta , Gauri Jagatap , Kevin Gallagher , Brian Timmerman , Progga Deb , Siddharth Garg , Rachel Greenstadt , Brendan Dolan-Gavitt

The rapid advancement of voice generation technologies has enabled the synthesis of speech that is perceptually indistinguishable from genuine human voices. While these innovations facilitate beneficial applications such as personalized…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Aditya Pujari , Ajita Rattani

Deepfake technologies are powerful tools that can be misused for malicious purposes such as spreading disinformation on social media. The effectiveness of such malicious applications depends on the ability of deepfakes to deceive their…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Marcel Gohsen , Nicola Libera , Johannes Kiesel , Jan Ehlers , Benno Stein

While the technologies empowering malicious audio deepfakes have dramatically evolved in recent years due to generative AI advances, the same cannot be said of global research into spoofing (deepfake) countermeasures. This paper highlights…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-16 Héctor Delgado , Giorgio Ramondetti , Emanuele Dalmasso , Gennady Karvitsky , Daniele Colibro , Haydar Talib

Recent research has highlighted a key issue in speech deepfake detection: models trained on one set of deepfakes perform poorly on others. The question arises: is this due to the continuously improving quality of Text-to-Speech (TTS)…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Nicolas M. Müller , Nicholas Evans , Hemlata Tak , Philip Sperl , Konstantin Böttinger

Audio DeepFakes (DF) are artificially generated utterances created using deep learning, with the primary aim of fooling the listeners in a highly convincing manner. Their quality is sufficient to pose a severe threat in terms of security…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Piotr Kawa , Marcin Plata , Piotr Syga

Automatic speaker verification (ASV) systems utilize the biometric information in human speech to verify the speaker's identity. The techniques used for performing speaker verification are often vulnerable to malicious attacks that attempt…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-11-26 Yang Gao , Jiachen Lian , Bhiksha Raj , Rita Singh

Deep learning technology has made it possible to generate realistic content of specific individuals. These `deepfakes' can now be generated in real-time which enables attackers to impersonate people over audio and video calls. Moreover,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Lior Yasur , Guy Frankovits , Fred M. Grabovski , Yisroel Mirsky

This research explores the positive application of deepfake technology for upper body generation, specifically sign language for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing (DHoH) community. Given the complexity of sign language and the scarcity of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Shahzeb Naeem , Muhammad Riyyan Khan , Usman Tariq , Abhinav Dhall , Carlos Ivan Colon , Hasan Al-Nashash