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In this paper, we address the problem of providing insurance protection against heavy-tailed losses, for which the expected loss may not even be finite. The product we study is based on a combination of traditional insurance up to a given…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2026-02-18 Olivier Lopez , Daniel Nkameni

Payments in parametric insurance solutions are linked to an index and thus decoupled from policyholders' true losses. While this principle has appealing operational benefits compared to traditional indemnity coverage, i.e. is very efficient…

Applications · Statistics 2026-03-02 Markus Johannes Maier , Matthias Scherer

In high-risk environments, traditional indemnity insurance is often unaffordable or ineffective, despite its well-known optimality under expected utility. We compare excess-of-loss indemnity insurance with parametric insurance within a…

General Economics · Economics 2026-02-10 Benjamin Avanzi , Debbie Kusch Falden , Mogens Steffensen

Weather parametric insurance relies on weather indices rather than actual loss assessments, enhancing claims efficiency, reducing moral hazard, and improving fairness. In the context of increasing climate change risks, despite growing…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2024-09-26 Hang Gao , Shuohua Yang , Xinli Liu

Parametric insurance contracts translate index measurements to compensation for policyholders' losses using predefined payment schemes. These need to be designed carefully to keep basis risk, i.e. the disparity between payouts and true…

Applications · Statistics 2026-04-24 Markus Johannes Maier , Matthias Scherer

In this paper, we address the identification and estimation of insurance models where insurees have private information about their risk and risk aversion. The model includes random damages and allows for several claims, while insurers…

General Economics · Economics 2024-10-14 Gaurab Aryal , Isabelle Perrigne , Quang Vuong , Haiqing Xu

Insurance data can be asymmetric with heavy tails, causing inadequate adjustments of the usually applied models. To deal with this issue, hierarchical models for collective risk with heavy-tails of the claims distributions that take also…

Applications · Statistics 2021-01-26 Pamela M. Chiroque-Solano , Fernando A. S. Moura

In various applications of heavy-tail modelling, the assumed Pareto behavior is tempered ultimately in the range of the largest data. In insurance applications, claim payments are influenced by claim management and claims may for instance…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-09-29 Jose Carlos Araujo Acuna , Hansjoerg Albrecher , Jan Beirlant

We model the influence of sharing large exogeneous losses to the reinsurance market by a bipartite graph. Using Pareto-tailed claims and multivariate regular variation we obtain asymptotic results for the Value-at-Risk and the Conditional…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2015-11-16 Oliver Kley , Claudia Kluppelberg , Gesine Reinert

When AI systems make errors in high-stakes domains like medical diagnosis or autonomous vehicles, a single algorithmic flaw across varying operational contexts can generate highly heterogeneous losses that challenge traditional insurance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Dimitris Bertsimas , Agni Orfanoudaki

Analysing dependent risks is an important task for insurance companies. A dependency is reflected in the fact that information about one random variable provides information about the likely distribution of values of another random…

Applications · Statistics 2021-03-22 Sen Hu , Adrian O'Hagan

Tail risk protection is in the focus of the financial industry and requires solid mathematical and statistical tools, especially when a trading strategy is derived. Recent hype driven by machine learning (ML) mechanisms has raised the…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2021-08-25 Bruno Spilak , Wolfgang Karl Härdle

Considerable literature has been devoted to developing statistical inferential results for risk measures, especially for those that are of the form of L-functionals. However, practical and theoretical considerations have highlighted quite a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2011-05-31 Abdelhakim Necir , Ričardas Zitikis

We propose a new class of claim severity distributions with six parameters, that has the standard two-parameter distributions, the log-normal, the log-Gamma, the Weibull, the Gamma and the Pareto, as special cases. This distribution is much…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-05-29 Erik Bølviken , Ingrid Hobæk Haff

Modern risk modelling approaches deal with vectors of multiple components. The components could be, for example, returns of financial instruments or losses within an insurance portfolio concerning different lines of business. One of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-05-12 Miriam Hägele , Jaakko Lehtomaa

For a risk vector $V$, whose components are shared among agents by some random mechanism, we obtain asymptotic lower and upper bounds for the individual agents' exposure risk and the aggregated risk in the market. Risk is measured by…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2016-04-12 Oliver Kley , Claudia Kluppelberg

A new multivariate distribution possessing arbitrarily parametrized and positively dependent univariate Pareto margins is introduced. Unlike the probability law of Asimit et al. (2010) [Asimit, V., Furman, E. and Vernic, R. (2010) On a…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2016-07-19 Jianxi Su , Edward Furman

We propose a simple framework to measure consumption insurance against income shocks that accounts for higher-order moments of the income distribution. We derive a nonlinear consumption function in which the extent of insurance varies with…

General Economics · Economics 2025-11-13 Anisha Ghosh , Alexandros Theloudis

Heavy tailed distributions present a tough setting for inference. They are also common in industrial applications, particularly with Internet transaction datasets, and machine learners often analyze such data without considering the biases…

Applications · Statistics 2016-10-14 Matt Taddy , Hedibert Freitas Lopes , Matt Gardner

Using the framework of factor models, we establish the general expression of the coefficient of tail dependence between the market and a stock (i.e., the probability that the stock incurs a large loss, assuming that the market has also…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2008-12-10 Y. Malevergne , D. Sornette
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