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Related papers: Freeze-Tag is NP-Hard in 3D with $L_1$ distance

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The Freeze-Tag Problem (FTP) is a scheduling problem with application in robot swarm activation and was introduced by Arkin et al. in 2002. This problem seeks an efficient way of activating a robot swarm, starting with a single active…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Lucas de Oliveira Silva , Lehilton Lelis Chaves Pedrosa

We study the Freeze-Tag Problem (FTP), introduced by Arkin et al. (SODA'02), where the goal is to wake up a group of $n$ robots, starting from a single active robot. Our focus is on the geometric version of the problem, where robots are…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Sharareh Alipour , Kajal Baghestani , Mahdis Mirzaei , Soroush Sahraei

An optimization problem that naturally arises in the study of swarm robotics is the Freeze-Tag Problem (FTP) of how to awaken a set of ``asleep'' robots, by having an awakened robot move to their locations. Once a robot is awake, it can…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Esther M. Arkin , Michael A. Bender , Sandor P. Fekete , Joseph S. B. Mitchell , Martin Skutella

The Freeze-Tag Problem (FTP) involves activating a set of initially asleep robots as quickly as possible, starting from a single awake robot. Once activated, a robot can assist in waking up other robots. Each active robot moves at unit…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Sharareh Alipour , Arash Ahadi , Kajal Baghestani

The freeze tag problem (FTP) aims to awaken a swarm of robots with one or more initial awake robots as soon as possible. Each awake robot must touch a sleeping robot to wake it up. Once a robot is awakened, it can assist in awakening other…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Fatemeh Rajabi-Alni , Alireza Bagheri , Behrouz Minaei-Bidgoli

The Freeze-Tag Problem, introduced in Arkin et al. (SODA'02) consists of waking up a swarm of $n$ robots, starting from a single active robot. In the basic geometric version, every robot is given coordinates in the plane. As soon as a robot…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Nicolas Bonichon , Arnaud Casteigts , Cyril Gavoille , Nicolas Hanusse

The Freeze Tag Problem consists in waking up a swarm of robots starting with one initially awake robot. Whereas there is a wide literature of the centralized setting, where the location of the robots is known in advance, we focus in the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Cyril Gavoille , Nicolas Hanusse , Gabriel Le Bouder , Taïssir Marcé

In the freeze-tag problem, one active robot must wake up many frozen robots. The robots are considered as points in a metric space, where active robots move at a constant rate and activate other robots by visiting them. In the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-02-06 Josh Brunner , Julian Wellman

Fast shipping and efficient routing are key problems of modern logistics. Building on previous studies that address package delivery from a source node to a destination within a graph using multiple agents (such as vehicles, drones, and…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Simon Bartlmae , Andreas Hene , Kelin Luo

Both pedestrian and robot comfort are of the highest priority whenever a robot is placed in an environment containing human beings. In the case of pedestrian-unaware mobile robots this desire for safety leads to the freezing robot problem,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-06-03 Emily Pruc , Shlomo Zilberstein , Joydeep Biswas

In the coordinated motion planning problem, we are given a graph together with the starting and destination vertices of $k$ robots. At each time step, any subset of robots may move, each traversing an edge of the graph, provided that no two…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Argyrios Deligkas , Eduard Eiben , Robert Ganian , Iyad Kanj

We present Frozone, a novel algorithm to deal with the Freezing Robot Problem (FRP) that arises when a robot navigates through dense scenarios and crowds. Our method senses and explicitly predicts the trajectories of pedestrians and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-03-12 Adarsh Jagan Sathyamoorthy , Utsav Patel , Tianrui Guan , Dinesh Manocha

Temporal graphs are introduced to model systems where the relationships among the entities of the system evolve over time. In this paper, we consider the temporal graphs where the edge set changes with time and all the changes are known a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Rinku Kumar , Bodhisatwa Mazumdar , Subhrangsu Mandal

A graph environment must be explored by a collection of mobile robots. Some of the robots, a priori unknown, may turn out to be unreliable. The graph is weighted and each node is assigned a deadline. The exploration is successful if each…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-10-03 Jurek Czyzowicz , Maxime Godon , Evangelos Kranakis , Arnaud Labourel , Euripides Markou

r-gathering problem is a variant of facility location problems. In this problem, we are given a set of users and a set of facilities on same metric space. We open some of the facilities and assign each user to an open facility, so that at…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-07-10 Soh Kumabe , Takanori Maehara

In unlabeled multi-robot motion planning several interchangeable robots operate in a common workspace. The goal is to move the robots to a set of target positions such that each position will be occupied by some robot. In this paper, we…

Robotics · Computer Science 2015-04-21 Kiril Solovey , Dan Halperin

This paper considers a natural fault-tolerant shortest paths problem: for some constant integer $f$, given a directed weighted graph with no negative cycles and two fixed vertices $s$ and $t$, compute (either explicitly or implicitly) for…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-09-16 Virginia Vassilevska Williams , Eyob Woldeghebriel , Yinzhan Xu

We aim to enable a mobile robot to navigate through environments with dense crowds, e.g., shopping malls, canteens, train stations, or airport terminals. In these challenging environments, existing approaches suffer from two common…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-10-02 Tingxiang Fan , Xinjing Cheng , Jia Pan , Pinxin Long , Wenxi Liu , Ruigang Yang , Dinesh Manocha

We consider the well-studied problem of finding a spanning tree with minimum average distance between vertex pairs (called a MAD tree). This is a classic network design problem which is known to be NP-hard. While approximation algorithms…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Tom-Lukas Breitkopf , Vincent Froese , Anton Herrmann , André Nichterlein , Camille Richer

For the problem of delivering a package from a source node to a destination node in a graph using a set of drones, we study the setting where the movements of each drone are restricted to a certain subgraph of the given graph. We consider…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Thomas Erlebach , Kelin Luo , Frits C. R. Spieksma
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