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This tutorial article introduces the physics of quantum information scrambling in quantum many-body systems. The goals are to understand how to precisely quantify the spreading of quantum information and how causality emerges in complex…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-25 Shenglong Xu , Brian Swingle

Scrambling is a key concept in the analysis of nonequilibrium properties of quantum many-body systems. Most studies focus on its characterization via out-of-time-ordered correlation functions (OTOCs), particularly through the early-time…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-14 Sivaprasad Omanakuttan , Karthik Chinni , Philip Daniel Blocher , Pablo M. Poggi

Operator scrambling is a crucial ingredient of quantum chaos. Specifically, in the quantum chaotic system, a simple operator can become increasingly complicated under unitary time evolution. This can be diagnosed by various measures such as…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2018-04-25 Xiao Chen , Tianci Zhou

Quantum information scrambling refers to the spread of the initially stored information over many degrees of freedom of a quantum many-body system. Information scrambling is intimately linked to the thermalization of isolated quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-26 Ricardo Puebla , Fernando J. Gómez-Ruiz

In a classically chaotic system that is ergodic, any trajectory will be arbitrarily close to any point of the available phase space after a long time, filling it uniformly. Using Born's rules to connect quantum states with probabilities,…

Quantum small-worlds are quantum many-body systems that interpolate between completely ordered (nearest-neighbour, next-to-nearest-neighbour etc.) and completely random interactions. As such, they furnish a novel new laboratory to study…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-01-16 Jean-Gabriel Hartmann , Jeff Murugan , Jonathan P. Shock

In quantum many-body systems, interactions play a crucial role in the emergence of information scrambling. When particles interact throughout the system, the entanglement between them can lead to a rapid and chaotic spreading of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-04 Qucheng Gao , Tianci Zhou , Pengfei Zhang , Xiao Chen

How are the spatial and temporal patterns of information scrambling in locally interacting quantum many-body systems imprinted on the eigenstates of the system's time-evolution operator? We address this question by identifying statistical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-04 Bikram Pain , Ratul Thakur , Sthitadhi Roy

In closed generic many-body systems, unitary evolution disperses local quantum information into highly non-local objects, resulting in thermalization. Such a process is called information scrambling, whose swiftness is quantified by the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-12 Pengfei Zhang , Zhenhua Yu

Quantum measurement is a process that involves the interaction between a quantum system and a macroscopic measurement apparatus containing many degrees of freedom. The photodetector is such an apparatus with many electrons interacting with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-31 Yubao Liu , Haixing Miao , Yanbei Chen , Yiqiu Ma

The fine grained energy spectrum of quantum chaotic systems is widely believed to be described by random matrix statistics. A basic scale in such a system is the energy range over which this behavior persists. We define the corresponding…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-02-11 Hrant Gharibyan , Masanori Hanada , Stephen H. Shenker , Masaki Tezuka

We study operator scrambling in quantum circuits built from `super-Clifford' gates. For such circuits it was established in arXiv:2002.12824 that the time evolution of operator entanglement for a large class of many-body operators can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-24 Mike Blake , Noah Linden , Anthony P. Thompson

We investigate the dynamics of quantum scrambling, characterized by the out-of-time ordered correlators (OTOCs), in a non-Hermitian quantum kicked rotor subjected to quasi-periodical modulation in kicking potential. Quasi-periodic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-23 Liang Huo , Han Ke , Wen-Lei Zhao

The spreading of quantum information in closed systems, often termed scrambling, is a hallmark of many-body quantum dynamics. In open systems, scrambling competes with noise, errors and decoherence. Here, we provide a universal framework…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-29 Thomas Schuster , Norman Y. Yao

In a locally interacting many-body system, two isolated qubits, separated by a large distance $r$, become correlated and entangled with each other at a time $t \ge r/v$. This finite speed $v$ of quantum information scrambling limits quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-25 Chi-Fang Chen , Andrew Lucas

Machine learning has shown significant breakthroughs in quantum science, where in particular deep neural networks exhibited remarkable power in modeling quantum many-body systems. Here, we explore how the capacity of data-driven deep neural…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-24 Naeimeh Mohseni , Junheng Shi , Tim Byrnes , Michael J. Hartmann

Scrambling quantum systems have attracted attention as effective substrates for temporal information processing. Here we consider a quantum reservoir processing framework that captures a broad range of physical computing models with quantum…

Given a quantum many-body system with few-body interactions, how rapidly can quantum information be hidden during time evolution? The fast scrambling conjecture is that the time to thoroughly mix information among N degrees of freedom grows…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2019-04-04 Gregory Bentsen , Yingfei Gu , Andrew Lucas

Operator growth in spatially local quantum many-body systems defines a scrambling velocity. We prove that this scrambling velocity bounds the state dependence of the out-of-time-ordered correlator in local lattice models. We verify this…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-10-09 Xizhi Han , Sean A. Hartnoll

In this paper we describe an algebraic/geometrical approach to quantum scrambling. Generalized quantum subsystems are described by an hermitian-closed unital subalgebra $\cal A$ of operators evolving through a unitary channel.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-14 Paolo Zanardi