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We study quantitative relationships between the triangle removal lemma and several of its variants. One such variant, which we call the triangle-free lemma, states that for each $\epsilon>0$ there exists $M$ such that every triangle-free…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-01-17 Jacob Fox , Yufei Zhao

We construct $n$-vertex graphs $G$ where $\epsilon n^2$ edges must be deleted to become triangle-free, which contain less than $\epsilon^{(C_{\text{new}}-o(1))\log_2 1/\epsilon}n^3$ triangles for $C_{\text{new}}= \frac{1}{4\log_2(4/3)}…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-08 Zach Hunter

The triangle removal lemma states that a simple graph with o(n^3) triangles can be made triangle-free by removing o(n^2) edges. It is natural to ask if this widely used result can be extended to multi-graphs (or equivalently, weighted…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-02-04 Asaf Shapira , Raphael Yuster

The graph removal lemma is a fundamental result in extremal graph theory which says that for every fixed graph $H$ and $\varepsilon > 0$, if an $n$-vertex graph $G$ contains $\varepsilon n^2$ edge-disjoint copies of $H$ then $G$ contains…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-02-01 Lior Gishboliner , Zhihan Jin , Benny Sudakov

A common theme in many extremal problems in graph theory is the relation between local and global properties of graphs. One of the most celebrated results of this type is the Ruzsa-Szemer\'edi triangle removal lemma, which states that if a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-12-01 Lior Gishboliner , Asaf Shapira

We prove that for every ordered matching $H$ on $t$ vertices, if an ordered $n$-vertex graph $G$ is $\varepsilon$-far from being $H$-free, then $G$ contains $\text{poly}(\varepsilon) n^t$ copies of $H$. This proves a special case of a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-02-17 Lior Gishboliner , Borna Šimić

Obtaining an efficient bound for the triangle removal lemma is one of the most outstanding open problems of extremal combinatorics. Perhaps the main bottleneck for achieving this goal is that triangle-free graphs can be highly unstructured.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-09-26 Lior Gishboliner , Asaf Shapira

Let H be a fixed graph with h vertices. The graph removal lemma states that every graph on n vertices with o(n^h) copies of H can be made H-free by removing o(n^2) edges. We give a new proof which avoids Szemer\'edi's regularity lemma and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-01-04 Jacob Fox

In this note we observe that in the hyper-graph removal lemma the edge removal can be done in a way that the symmetries of the original hyper-graph remain preserved. As an application we prove the following generalization of Szemer\'edi's…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-09-17 Balazs Szegedy

Many important results in extremal graph theory can be roughly summarised as "if a triangle-free graph $G$ has certain properties, then it has a homomorphism to a triangle-free graph $\Gamma$ of bounded size". For example, bounds on…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-16 Lior Gishboliner , Eoin Hurley , Yuval Wigderson

We prove that a large family of pairs of graphs satisfy a polynomial dependence in asymmetric graph removal lemmas. In particular, we give an unexpected answer to a question of Gishboliner, Shapira, and Wigderson by showing that for every…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-10-30 António Girão , Eoin Hurley , Freddie Illingworth , Lukas Michel

Erd\H{o}s asked whether for any $n$-vertex graph $G$, the parameter $p^*(G)=\min \sum_{i\ge 1} (|V(G_i)|-1)$ is at most $\lfloor n^2/4\rfloor$, where the minimum is taken over all edge decompositions of $G$ into edge-disjoint cliques $G_i$.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-16 Jialin He , Jie Ma , Yan Wang , Chunlei Zu

We prove that if $p\ge n^{-\frac{1}{3}+\beta}$ for some $\beta > 0$, then asymptotically almost surely the binomial random graph $G(n,p)$ has a $K_3$-packing containing all but at most $n + O(1)$ edges. Similarly, we prove that if $d \ge…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-02-29 Michelle Delcourt , Tom Kelly , Luke Postle

A recent result of Alon, Ben-Eliezer and Fischer establishes an induced removal lemma for ordered graphs. That is, if $F$ is an ordered graph and $\varepsilon>0$, then there exists $\delta_{F}(\varepsilon)>0$ such that every $n$-vertex…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-03-13 Lior Gishboliner , István Tomon

Let $G$ be a connected $d$-regular graph of order $n$, where $d\geq3$. Let $\lambda_{2}(G)$ be the second largest eigenvalue of $G$. For even $n$, we show that $G$ contains $\left\lfloor\frac{2}{3}(d-\lambda_{2}(G))\right\rfloor$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-10-08 Wenqian Zhang

Given a fixed $k$-uniform hypergraph $F$, the $F$-removal lemma states that every hypergraph with few copies of $F$ can be made $F$-free by the removal of few edges. Unfortunately, for general $F$, the constants involved are given by…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-04 Lior Gishboliner , Asaf Shapira

In 1995 Kim famously proved the Ramsey bound R(3,t) \ge c t^2/\log t by constructing an n-vertex graph that is triangle-free and has independence number at most C \sqrt{n \log n}. We extend this celebrated result, which is best possible up…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-04-06 He Guo , Lutz Warnke

We show that if the second eigenvalue $\lambda$ of a $d$-regular graph $G$ on $n \in 3 \mathbb{Z}$ vertices is at most $\varepsilon d^2/(n \log n)$, for a small constant $\varepsilon > 0$, then $G$ contains a triangle-factor. The bound on…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-02-27 Rajko Nenadov

A well-known conjecture by Erd\H{o}s states that every triangle-free graph on $n$ vertices can be made bipartite by removing at most $n^2/25$ edges. This conjecture was known for graphs with edge density at least $0.4$ and edge density at…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-03-29 József Balogh , Felix Christian Clemen , Bernard Lidický

Sidorenko's conjecture states that, for all bipartite graphs $H$, quasirandom graphs contain asymptotically the minimum number of copies of $H$ taken over all graphs with the same order and edge density. While still open for graphs, the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-05-28 David Conlon , Joonkyung Lee , Alexander Sidorenko
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