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It is established that black holes have entropy and behave as thermodynamical systems. Associating entropy to gravitational fields has not remained limited to black holes, necessitating the notion of the second law of thermodynamics in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-03-26 V. R. Shajiee , M. M. Sheikh-Jabbari

Gravitation governs the expansion and fate of the universe, and the growth of large scale structure within it, but has not been tested in detail on these cosmic scales. The observed acceleration of the expansion may provide signs of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2011-11-29 Eric V. Linder

Recent theoretical progress indicates that spacetime and gravity emerge together from the entanglement structure of an underlying microscopic theory. These ideas are best understood in Anti-de Sitter space, where they rely on the area law…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-07-03 Erik P. Verlinde

Since the general theory of relativity (GR) meets some difficulties, it seems that new considerations on the ether theories of gravitation in the history are needed. A theory of gravity based on some new concepts of ether and particles is…

General Physics · Physics 2024-05-09 Xiao-Song Wang

From the principle of maximum entropy for a closed system in thermal equilibrium, for the first instance a clear relation is shown to exist between total entropy S (in terms of arrangements of particles) and the classical expression for the…

Classical Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Mario J. Pinheiro

If gravitons are super-strong interacting particles and the low-temperature graviton background exists, the basic cosmological conjecture about the Dopplerian nature of redshifts may be false. In this case, a full magnitude of cosmological…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Michael A. Ivanov

The principles of quantum field theory in flat spacetime suggest that gravity is mediated by a massless particle with helicity $\pm2$, the so-called graviton. It is regarded as textbook knowledge that, when the self-coupling of a particle…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-09-25 Carlos Barceló , Raúl Carballo-Rubio , Luis J. Garay

Recently a scale invariant theory of gravity was constructed by imposing a conformal symmetry on general relativity. The imposition of this symmetry changed the configuration space from superspace - the space of all Riemannian 3-metrics…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 Bryan Kelleher

In three spacetime dimensions, general relativity drastically simplifies, becoming a ``topological'' theory with no propagating local degrees of freedom. Nevertheless, many of the difficult conceptual problems of quantizing gravity are…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-25 S. Carlip

According to Newton's law of gravitation the force between two particles depends upon their inertial, as well as their active and passive gravitational masses. For ordinary matter all three of these are equal and positive. We consider here…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-04-19 Sabbir Rahman

In 'modified' gravity the observed acceleration of the universe is explained by changing the gravitational force law or the number of degrees of freedom in the gravitational sector. Both possibilities can be tested by measurements of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-12-27 Clare Burrage , David Parkinson , David Seery

General relativity describes the gravitational field geometrically and in a self-interacting way because it couples to all forms of energy, including its own. Both features make finding a quantum theory difficult, yet it is important in the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-09-02 Martin Bojowald

Our concept of mass has evolved considerably over the centuries, most notably from Newton to Einstein, and then even more vigorously with the establishment of the standard model and the subsequent discovery of the Higgs boson. Mass is now…

General Physics · Physics 2023-12-14 Fulvio Melia

This is an essay sketching the line of thinking which has led the present author to propose the constituent or atomic model of gravitation more than a decade ago. It turns out that viewing the problem of gravitation as a quantum many body…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-19 Pawel O. Mazur

We develop a new model for the Universe based on two key assumptions: first, the inertial energy of the Universe is a constant, and second, the total energy of a particle, the inertial plus the gravitational potential energy produced by the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Hossein Shojaie , Mehrdad Farhoudi

In the pursuit of a general formulation for a modified gravitational theory at the non-relativistic level and as an alternative to the dark matter hypothesis, we construct a model valid over a wide variety of astrophysical scales. Through…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2011-12-13 S. Mendoza , X. Hernandez , J. C. Hidalgo , T. Bernal

Increasing inhomogeneity due to gravitational clumping reflects increasing gravitational entropy in a time evolving universe. Starting from an ensemble of uniformly distributed particles it is demonstrated that gravitational clustering is…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Manfred P. Leubner

There is evidence that Newton and Einstein's theories of gravity cannot explain the dynamics of a universe made up solely of baryons and radiation. To be able to understand the properties of galaxies, clusters of galaxies and the universe…

Astrophysics · Physics 2014-02-18 T. G Zlosnik , P. G Ferreira , G. D Starkman

Large contributions to the near closure of the Universe and to the acceleration of its expansion are due to the gravitation of components of the stress-energy tensor other than its mass density. To familiarise astronomers with the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-18 Donald Lynden-Bell , Joseph Katz

The common nature of the dark sector - dark energy and dark matter - as shown in [1] follows readily from the consideration of generalized Newtonian potential as a weak-field General Relativity. That generalized potential satisfying the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-08-29 V. G. Gurzadyan , A. Stepanian
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