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Good generalization performance on high-dimensional data crucially hinges on a simple structure of the ground truth and a corresponding strong inductive bias of the estimator. Even though this intuition is valid for regularized models, in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-28 Konstantin Donhauser , Nicolo Ruggeri , Stefan Stojanovic , Fanny Yang

Learned classifiers should often possess certain invariance properties meant to encourage fairness, robustness, or out-of-distribution generalization. However, multiple recent works empirically demonstrate that common invariance-inducing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Yoav Wald , Gal Yona , Uri Shalit , Yair Carmon

Overparametrized neural networks tend to perfectly fit noisy training data yet generalize well on test data. Inspired by this empirical observation, recent work has sought to understand this phenomenon of benign overfitting or harmless…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-02-23 Andrew D. McRae , Santhosh Karnik , Mark A. Davenport , Vidya Muthukumar

Many modern machine learning models are trained to achieve zero or near-zero training error in order to obtain near-optimal (but non-zero) test error. This phenomenon of strong generalization performance for "overfitted" / interpolated…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-10-29 Mikhail Belkin , Daniel Hsu , Partha Mitra

The recent success of neural network models has shone light on a rather surprising statistical phenomenon: statistical models that perfectly fit noisy data can generalize well to unseen test data. Understanding this phenomenon of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-09-13 Niladri S. Chatterji , Philip M. Long , Peter L. Bartlett

A continuing mystery in understanding the empirical success of deep neural networks is their ability to achieve zero training error and generalize well, even when the training data is noisy and there are more parameters than data points. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-10 Vidya Muthukumar , Kailas Vodrahalli , Vignesh Subramanian , Anant Sahai

Numerous recent works show that overparameterization implicitly reduces variance for min-norm interpolators and max-margin classifiers. These findings suggest that ridge regularization has vanishing benefits in high dimensions. We challenge…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-12-20 Konstantin Donhauser , Alexandru Ţifrea , Michael Aerni , Reinhard Heckel , Fanny Yang

The practical success of overparameterized neural networks has motivated the recent scientific study of interpolating methods, which perfectly fit their training data. Certain interpolating methods, including neural networks, can fit noisy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Neil Mallinar , James B. Simon , Amirhesam Abedsoltan , Parthe Pandit , Mikhail Belkin , Preetum Nakkiran

Benign overfitting, the phenomenon where interpolating models generalize well in the presence of noisy data, was first observed in neural network models trained with gradient descent. To better understand this empirical observation, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Spencer Frei , Niladri S. Chatterji , Peter L. Bartlett

In many modern applications of deep learning the neural network has many more parameters than the data points used for its training. Motivated by those practices, a large body of recent theoretical research has been devoted to studying…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-12-07 A. Tsigler , P. L. Bartlett

Deep neural networks (DNNs) typically involve a large number of parameters and are trained to achieve zero or near-zero training error. Despite such interpolation, they often exhibit strong generalization performance on unseen data, a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-23 Jingfu Peng , Yuhong Yang

In deep learning, often the training process finds an interpolator (a solution with 0 training loss), but the test loss is still low. This phenomenon, known as benign overfitting, is a major mystery that received a lot of recent attention.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Mo Zhou , Rong Ge

Modern machine learning models often employ a huge number of parameters and are typically optimized to have zero training loss; yet surprisingly, they possess near-optimal prediction performance, contradicting classical learning theory. We…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-08 Zhu Li , Zhi-Hua Zhou , Arthur Gretton

The phenomenon of benign overfitting, where a predictor perfectly fits noisy training data while attaining near-optimal expected loss, has received much attention in recent years, but still remains not fully understood beyond well-specified…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Ohad Shamir

We study the overfitting behavior of fully connected deep Neural Networks (NNs) with binary weights fitted to perfectly classify a noisy training set. We consider interpolation using both the smallest NN (having the minimal number of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Itamar Harel , William M. Hoza , Gal Vardi , Itay Evron , Nathan Srebro , Daniel Soudry

One of the most interesting problems in the recent renaissance of the studies in kernel regression might be whether the kernel interpolation can generalize well, since it may help us understand the `benign overfitting henomenon' reported in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Yicheng Li , Haobo Zhang , Qian Lin

We examine the necessity of interpolation in overparameterized models, that is, when achieving optimal predictive risk in machine learning problems requires (nearly) interpolating the training data. In particular, we consider simple…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-17 Chen Cheng , John Duchi , Rohith Kuditipudi

Modern machine learning models with a large number of parameters often generalize well despite perfectly interpolating noisy training data - a phenomenon known as benign overfitting. A foundational explanation for this in linear…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-18 Yuta Kondo

The phenomenon of benign overfitting is one of the key mysteries uncovered by deep learning methodology: deep neural networks seem to predict well, even with a perfect fit to noisy training data. Motivated by this phenomenon, we consider…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-08 Peter L. Bartlett , Philip M. Long , Gábor Lugosi , Alexander Tsigler

``Benign overfitting'', the ability of certain algorithms to interpolate noisy training data and yet perform well out-of-sample, has been a topic of considerable recent interest. We show, using a fixed design setup, that an important class…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-14 Daniel Beaglehole , Mikhail Belkin , Parthe Pandit
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