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Hypergraphs, capable of representing high-order interactions via hyperedges, have become a powerful tool for modeling real-world biological and social systems. Inherent relationships within these real-world systems, such as the encoding…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Li Ni , Ziqi Deng , Lin Mu , Lei Zhang , Wenjian Luo , Yiwen Zhang

As data structures and mathematical objects used for complex systems modeling, hypergraphs sit nicely poised between on the one hand the world of network models, and on the other that of higher-order mathematical abstractions from algebra,…

We demonstrate that graph-based models are fully capable of representing higher-order interactions, and have a long history of being used for precisely this purpose. This stands in contrast to a common claim in the recent literature on…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-02-20 Tiago P. Peixoto , Leto Peel , Thilo Gross , Manlio De Domenico

Hypergraphs serve as an effective tool widely adopted to characterize higher-order interactions in complex systems. The most intuitive and commonly used mathematical instrument for representing a hypergraph is the incidence matrix, in which…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Junhao Bian , Yilin Bi , Tao Zhou

Graphs serve as powerful tools for modeling pairwise interactions in diverse fields such as biology, material science, and social networks. However, they inherently overlook interactions involving more than two entities. Simplicial…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2024-12-05 Xiang Liu , Ran Liu , Jingyan Li , Rongling Wu , Jie Wu

Complex systems are often driven by higher-order interactions among multiple units, naturally represented as hypergraphs. Understanding dependency structures within these hypergraphs is crucial for understanding and predicting the behavior…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-05-29 John Hood , Caterina De Bacco , Aaron Schein

Higher-order networks have emerged as a powerful framework to model complex systems and their collective behavior. Going beyond pairwise interactions, they encode structured relations among arbitrary numbers of units through representations…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2023-03-24 Yuanzhao Zhang , Maxime Lucas , Federico Battiston

Psychiatric disorders have been traditionally conceptualized as latent conditions producing observable symptoms, but recent studies suggest that psychopathology may emerge from symptoms interactions. Psychometric networking model these…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Francesca Possenti , Laura Girelli , Paolo Tieri , Manuela Petti

Imitation is a basic updating mechanism for strategy evolution in structured populations, determining how individuals sample social information and translate it into behavioral changes. Higher-order networks, such as hypergraphs, generalize…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-02-11 Bingxin Lin , Lei Zhou , Hao Fang

Hypergraphs effectively model higher-order relationships in natural phenomena, capturing complex interactions beyond pairwise connections. We introduce a novel hypergraph message passing framework inspired by interacting particle systems,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yixuan Ma , Kai Yi , Pietro Lio , Shi Jin , Yu Guang Wang

Recent studies have shown that novel collective behaviors emerge in complex systems due to the presence of higher-order interactions. However, how the collective behavior of a system is influenced by the microscopic organization of its…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-07-01 Federico Malizia , Santiago Lamata-Otín , Mattia Frasca , Vito Latora , Jesús Gómez-Gardeñes

Recent developments in complex systems have witnessed that many real-world scenarios, successfully represented as networks are not always restricted to binary interactions but often include higher-order interactions among the nodes. These…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2022-04-22 Md Sayeed Anwar , Dibakar Ghosh

Binary multirelations generalise binary relations by associating elements of a set to its subsets. We study the structure and algebra of multirelations under the operations of union, intersection, sequential and parallel composition, as…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-06-16 Hitoshi Furusawa , Georg Struth

Network interactions that are nonlinear in the state of more than two nodes - also known as higher-order interactions - can have a profound impact on the collective network dynamics. Here we develop a coupled cell hypernetwork formalism to…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-08-02 Manuela Aguiar , Christian Bick , Ana Dias

Modeling higher-order interactions (HOI) has emerged as a crucial challenge in complex systems analysis, as many phenomena cannot be fully captured by pairwise relationships alone. Hypergraphs, which generalize graphs by allowing…

Applications · Statistics 2026-03-31 Catherine Matias

Graphs depict pairwise relationships between objects within a system. Higher-order interactions (HOIs), which involve more than two objects simultaneously, are common in nature. Such interactions can change the stability of a complex…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-02-17 Mateusz Iskrzyński , Aleksandra Puchalska , Aleksandra Grzelik , Gökhan Mutlu

The irreducible complexity of natural phenomena has led Graph Neural Networks to be employed as a standard model to perform representation learning tasks on graph-structured data. While their capacity to capture local and global patterns is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Lorenzo Giusti

The study of irreducible higher-order interactions has become a core topic of study in complex systems. Two of the most well-developed frameworks, topological data analysis and multivariate information theory, aim to provide formal tools…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Thomas F. Varley , Pedro A. M. Mediano , Alice Patania , Josh Bongard

The microscopic organization of dynamical systems coupled via higher-order interactions plays a pivotal role in understanding their collective behavior. In this paper, we introduce a framework for systematically investigating the impact of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-01-14 Santiago Lamata-Otín , Federico Malizia , Vito Latora , Mattia Frasca , Jesús Gómez-Gardeñes

Networks provide a powerful formalism for modeling complex systems by using a model of pairwise interactions. But much of the structure within these systems involves interactions that take place among more than two nodes at once; for…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2018-12-13 Austin R. Benson , Rediet Abebe , Michael T. Schaub , Ali Jadbabaie , Jon Kleinberg