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Extremely large-scale arrays (XL-arrays) have emerged as a promising technology to improve the spectrum efficiency and spatial resolution of future wireless systems. Different from existing works that mostly considered physical layer…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-06 Tianyu Liu , Changsheng You , Cong Zhou , Yunpu Zhang , Shiqi Gong , Heng Liu , Guangchi Zhang

Wireless communication systems have almost exclusively operated in the far-field of antennas and antenna arrays, which is conventionally characterized by having propagation distances beyond the Fraunhofer distance. This is natural since the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-12-09 Emil Björnson , Özlem Tugfe Demir , Luca Sanguinetti

Extremely Large-scale Array (ELAA) is considered a frontier technology for future communication systems, pivotal in improving wireless systems' rate and spectral efficiency. As ELAA employs a multitude of antennas operating at higher…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Jiali Nie , Yuanhao Cui , Zhaohui Yang , Weijie Yuan , Xiaojun Jing

This paper explores the potential of near-field beamforming (NFBF) in integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) systems with extremely large-scale arrays (XL-arrays). The large-scale antenna arrays increase the possibility of having…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-15 Kaiqian Qu , Shuaishuai Guo , Nasir Saeed

6G networks will be required to support higher data rates, improved energy efficiency, lower latency, and more diverse users compared with 5G systems. To meet these requirements, electrically extremely large-scale antenna arrays are…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-13 Haiyang Zhang , Nir Shlezinger , Francesco Guidi , Davide Dardari , Yonina C. Eldar

Extremely large-scale array (XL-array) has emerged as a promising technology to enable near-field communications for achieving enhanced spectrum efficiency and spatial resolution, by drastically increasing the number of antennas. However,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Cong Zhou , Changsheng You , Haodong Zhang , Li Chen , Shuo Shi

Near-field propagation in extremely large-scale MIMO (XL-MIMO) enlarges the beam training (BT) search space by introducing an additional range dimension, which makes conventional codebook-based beam sweeping prohibitively expensive under…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-13 Xinyang Li , Songjie Yang , Xiang Ling , Jianhui Song , Yibo Wang , Hua Chen

The "near-field" propagation modeling of wireless channels is necessary to support sixth-generation (6G) technologies, such as intelligent reflecting surface (IRS), that are enabled by large aperture antennas and higher frequency carriers.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Navneet Agrawal , Ehsan Tohidi , Renato L. G. Cavalcante , Sławomir Stańczak

Movable antenna (MA) has been recognized as a promising technology to improve communication performance in future wireless networks such as 6G. To unleash its potential, this paper proposes a novel architecture, namely extremely large-scale…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Min Fu , Lipeng Zhu , Rui Zhang

The channel capacity of near-field (NF) communications is characterized by considering three types of line-of-sight multiuser channels: i) multiple access channel (MAC), ii) broadcast channel (BC), and iii) multicast channel (MC). For NF…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Boqun Zhao , Chongjun Ouyang , Xingqi Zhang , Yuanwei Liu

Massive multiple-input-multiple-output (M-MIMO) is a key technology for 5G networks. Within this research area, new types of deployment are arising, such as the extremely-large regime (XL- MIMO), where the antenna array at the base station…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-08 Gabriel Avanzi Ubiali , Taufik Abrão

Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) is an emerging technology for wireless communications, thanks to its powerful capability to engineer the radio environment. However, in practice, this benefit is attainable only when the passive IRS is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-03-10 Chao Feng , Haiquan Lu , Yong Zeng , Teng Li , Shi Jin , Rui Zhang

With the extremely large-scale array XL-array deployed in future wireless systems, wireless communication and sensing are expected to operate in the radiative near-field region, which needs to be characterized by the spherical rather than…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Jiayi Cong , Changsheng You , Jiapeng Li , Li Chen , Beixiong Zheng , Yuanwei Liu , Wen Wu , Yi Gong , Shi Jin , Rui Zhang

Wireless communications in the millimeter wave (mmWave) and terahertz (THz) spectrum allow harnessing large frequency bands, thus achieving ultra-high data rates. However, the inherently short wavelengths of mmWave and THz signals lead to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-06 Peng Zhang , Vitaly Petrov , Emil Björnson

In this paper, we propose to leverage rotatable antennas (RAs) for improving the communication performance in mixed near-field and far-field communication systems by exploiting a new spatial degree-of-freedom (DoF) offered by antenna…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-26 Yunpu Zhang , Changsheng You , Hing Cheung So , Dusit Niyato , Yonina C. Eldar

Extremely large-scale arrays (XL-arrays) have emerged as a promising technology for enabling near-field communications in future wireless systems. However, the huge number of antennas deployed pose demanding challenges on the hardware cost…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Haodong Zhang , Changsheng You , Cong Zhou

The far-field channel model has historically been used in wireless communications due to the simplicity of mathematical modeling and convenience for algorithm design. With the need for high data rates, low latency, and ubiquitous…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Hui Chen , Musa Furkan Keskin , Adham Sakhnini , Nicoló Decarli , Sofie Pollin , Davide Dardari , Henk Wymeersch

High-frequency communication systems bring extremely large aperture arrays (ELAA) and large bandwidths, integrating localization and (bi-static) sensing functions without extra infrastructure. Such systems are likely to operate in the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-27 Hui Chen , Pinjun Zheng , Yu Ge , Ahmed Elzanaty , Jiguang He , Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri , Henk Wymeersch

Wideband extremely large-scale multiple-input-multiple-output (XL-MIMO) is a promising technique to achieve Tbps data rates in future 6G systems through beamforming and spatial multiplexing. Due to the extensive bandwidth and the huge…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-05-11 Mingyao Cui , Linglong Dai , Zhaocheng Wang , Shidong Zhou , Ning Ge

Accurate channel model and channel estimation are essential to empower extremely large-scale MIMO (XL-MIMO) in 6G networks with ultra-high spectral efficiency. With the sharp increase in the antenna array aperture of the XL-MIMO scenario,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Yu Lu , Linglong Dai