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This paper introduces a formal method to model the level of demand on control when executing cognitive processes. The cost of cognitive control is parsed into an intensity cost which encapsulates how much additional input information is…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2017-06-02 Kayhan Ozcimder , Biswadip Dey , Sebastian Musslick , Giovanni Petri , Nesreen K. Ahmed , Theodore L. Willke , Jonathan D. Cohen

Understanding the energy cost of quantum measurement process and its connection to the measurement performance faces the challenge of modeling the objectification process. The latter, turns the measurement result into an objective fact,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-19 Lorena Ballesteros Ferraz , Cyril Elouard

Neural responses in the cortex change over time both systematically, due to ongoing plasticity and learning, and seemingly randomly, due to various sources of noise and variability. Most previous work considered each of these processes,…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2018-07-25 Laurence Aitchison , Guillaume Hennequin , Mate Lengyel

Quantum computers can be used for supervised learning by treating parametrised quantum circuits as models that map data inputs to predictions. While a lot of work has been done to investigate practical implications of this approach, many…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-31 Maria Schuld , Ryan Sweke , Johannes Jakob Meyer

State-of-the-art quantum algorithms routinely tune dynamically parametrized cost functionals for combinatorics, machine learning, equation-solving, or energy minimization. However, large search complexity often demands many (noisy) quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-12 Mogens Dalgaard , Felix Motzoi , Jacob Sherson

The expressiveness of quantum programming languages plays a crucial role in the efficient and comprehensible representation of quantum algorithms. Unlike classical programming languages, which offer mature and well-defined abstraction…

Parameterized quantum circuits play an essential role in the performance of many variational hybrid quantum-classical (HQC) algorithms. One challenge in implementing such algorithms is to choose an effective circuit that well represents the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-15 Sukin Sim , Peter D. Johnson , Alan Aspuru-Guzik

Parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) have been widely used as a machine learning model to explore the potential of achieving quantum advantages for various tasks. However, training PQCs is notoriously challenging owing to the phenomenon of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-06 Yabo Wang , Bo Qi , Chris Ferrie , Daoyi Dong

Quantum machine learning offers a transformative approach to solving complex problems, but the inherent noise hinders its practical implementation in near-term quantum devices. This obstacle makes it difficult to understand the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Bikram Khanal , Pablo Rivas

The execution cost of quantum algorithms is typically quantified through asymptotic gate counts and qubit register sizes, yet these metrics do not directly capture which genuinely quantum resources, and in what amount, must be created and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-08 Alessio Paviglianiti , Matteo Seclì , Emanuele Tirrito , Vincenzo Savona

Quantum tangent kernel methods provide an efficient approach to analyzing the performance of quantum machine learning models in the infinite-width limit, which is of crucial importance in designing appropriate circuit architectures for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-10 Li-Wei Yu , Weikang Li , Qi Ye , Zhide Lu , Zizhao Han , Dong-Ling Deng

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) optimize the parameters $\vec{\theta}$ of a parametrized quantum circuit $V(\vec{\theta})$ to minimize a cost function $C$. While VQAs may enable practical applications of noisy quantum computers, they…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-23 M. Cerezo , Akira Sone , Tyler Volkoff , Lukasz Cincio , Patrick J. Coles

The expressive capacity of quantum systems for machine learning is limited by quantum sampling noise incurred during measurement. Although it is generally believed that noise limits the resolvable capacity of quantum systems, the precise…

Quantum re-uploading models have been extensively investigated as a form of machine learning within the context of variational quantum algorithms. Their trainability and expressivity are not yet fully understood and are critical to their…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-26 Alice Barthe , Adrián Pérez-Salinas

The superiority of variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) such as quantum neural networks (QNNs) and variational quantum eigen-solvers (VQEs) heavily depends on the expressivity of the employed ansatze. Namely, a simple ansatze is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-14 Yuxuan Du , Zhuozhuo Tu , Xiao Yuan , Dacheng Tao

Hybrid quantum-classical systems make it possible to utilize existing quantum computers to their fullest extent. Within this framework, parameterized quantum circuits can be regarded as machine learning models with remarkable expressive…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-15 Marcello Benedetti , Erika Lloyd , Stefan Sack , Mattia Fiorentini

Considering the problem of risk-sensitive parameter estimation, we propose a fairly wide family of lower bounds on the exponential moments of the quadratic error, both in the Bayesian and the non--Bayesian regime. This family of bounds,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-03-02 Neri Merhav

Randomized protocols are procedures that incorporate probabilistic choices during their execution and they play a central role in quantum algorithms, spanning Hamiltonian simulation, noise mitigation, and measurement tasks. In practical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-17 Davide Cugini , Touheed Anwar Atif , Yigit Subasi

Estimating properties of quantum states, such as fidelities, molecular energies, and correlation functions, is a fundamental task in quantum information science. Due to the limitation of practical quantum devices, including limited circuit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-17 Bujiao Wu , Lingyu Kong , Yuxuan Yan , Fuchuan Wei , Zhenhuan Liu

In this work, we highlight an unforeseen behavior of the expressivity of Parameterized Quantum Circuits (PQCs) for machine learning. A large class of these models, seen as Fourier Series which frequencies are derived from the encoding…