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Accurate classification of sleep stages from less obtrusive sensor measurements such as the electrocardiogram (ECG) or photoplethysmogram (PPG) could enable important applications in sleep medicine. Existing approaches to this problem have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Jonathan F. Carter , Lionel Tarassenko

Sleeping problems have become one of the major diseases all over the world. To tackle this issue, the basic tool used by specialists is the Polysomnogram, which is a collection of different signals recorded during sleep. After its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-31 Enrique Fernandez-Blanco , Daniel Rivero , Alejandro Pazos

Automatic sleep staging is a critical task in healthcare due to the global prevalence of sleep disorders. This study focuses on single-channel electroencephalography (EEG), a practical and widely available signal for automatic sleep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Amirali Vakili , Salar Jahanshiri , Armin Salimi-Badr

Sleep is vital for people's physical and mental health, and sound sleep can help them focus on daily activities. Therefore, a sleep study that includes sleep patterns and sleep disorders is crucial to enhancing our knowledge about…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Tayab Uddin Wara , Ababil Hossain Fahad , Adri Shankar Das , Md. Mehedi Hasan Shawon

The analysis of electroencephalogram (EEG) waves is of critical importance for the diagnosis of sleep disorders, such as sleep apnea and insomnia, besides that, seizures, epilepsy, head injuries, dizziness, headaches and brain tumors. In…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-06-12 Icaro Marcelino Miranda , Claus Aranha , Marcelo Ladeira

Over the last few years, research in automatic sleep scoring has mainly focused on developing increasingly complex deep learning architectures. However, recently these approaches achieved only marginal improvements, often at the expense of…

Sleep stages pattern provides important clues in diagnosing the presence of sleep disorder. By analyzing sleep stages pattern and extracting its features from EEG, EOG, and EMG signals, we can classify sleep stages. This study presents a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-10-07 Endang Purnama Giri , Mohamad Ivan Fanany , Aniati Murni Arymurthy

A series of short events, called A-phases, can be observed in the human electroencephalogram during NREM sleep. These events can be classified in three groups (A1, A2 and A3) according to their spectral contents, and are thought to play a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-07-23 Edgar R. Arce-Santana , Alfonso Alba , Martin O. Mendez , Valdemar Arce-Guevara

Brief fragments of sleep shorter than 15 s are defined as microsleep episodes (MSEs), often subjectively perceived as sleepiness. Their main characteristic is a slowing in frequency in the electroencephalogram (EEG), similar to stage N1…

We investigate the dynamical properties of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals of human in sleep. By using a modified random walk method, We demonstrate that the scale-invariance is embedded in EEG signals after a detrending procedure.…

Biological Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Shi-Min Cai , Zhao-Hui Jiang , Tao Zhou , Pei-Ling Zhou , Hui-Jie Yang , Bing-Hong Wang

Accurately diagnosing sleep disorders is essential for clinical assessments and treatments. Polysomnography (PSG) has long been used for detection of various sleep disorders. In this research, electrocardiography (ECG) and electromayography…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-12 Delaram Jarchi , Javier Andreu-Perez , Mehrin Kiani , Oldrich Vysata , Jiri Kuchynka , Ales Prochazka , Saeid Sane

Clinical electroencephalography is routinely used to evaluate patients with diverse and often overlapping neurological conditions, yet interpretation remains manual, time-intensive, and variable across experts. While automated EEG analysis…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Argha Kamal Samanta , Deepak Mewada , Monalisa Sarma , Debasis Samanta

In this paper, two modern adaptive signal processing techniques, Empirical Intrinsic Geometry and Synchrosqueezing transform, are applied to quantify different dynamical features of the respiratory and electroencephalographic signals. We…

Medical Physics · Physics 2014-10-07 Hau-tieng Wu , Ronen Talmon , Yu-Lun Lo

Sleep stage classification is crucial for diagnosing and managing disorders such as sleep apnea and insomnia. Conventional clinical methods like polysomnography are costly and impractical for long-term home use. We present an…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-19 Zahra Mohammadi , Parnian Fazel , Siamak Mohammadi

Electroencephalography (EEG) during sleep is used by clinicians to evaluate various neurological disorders. In sleep medicine, it is relevant to detect macro-events (> 10s) such as sleep stages, and micro-events (<2s) such as spindles and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-07-17 Stanislas Chambon , Valentin Thorey , Pierrick J. Arnal , Emmanuel Mignot , Alexandre Gramfort

Driver drowsiness is one of main factors leading to road fatalities and hazards in the transportation industry. Electroencephalography (EEG) has been considered as one of the best physiological signals to detect drivers drowsy states, since…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-02 Jian Cui , Zirui Lan , Yisi Liu , Ruilin Li , Fan Li , Olga Sourina , Wolfgang Mueller-Wittig

EEG signals are usually simple to obtain but expensive to label. Although supervised learning has been widely used in the field of EEG signal analysis, its generalization performance is limited by the amount of annotated data.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-17 Xue Jiang , Jianhui Zhao , Bo Du , Zhiyong Yuan

Automated sleep stage classification from polysomnography remains limited by the lack of expressive temporal hierarchies, challenges in multimodal EEG and EOG fusion, and the limited interpretability of deep learning models. We propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Mahdi Samaee , Mehran Yazdi , Daniel Massicotte

We introduce an innovative approach to automated sleep stage classification using EOG signals, addressing the discomfort and impracticality associated with EEG data acquisition. In addition, it is important to note that this approach is…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-09 Suvadeep Maiti , Shivam Kumar Sharma , Raju S. Bapi

An electroencephalogram (EEG) signal is currently accepted as a standard for automatic sleep staging. Lately, Near-human accuracy in automated sleep staging has been achievable by Deep Learning (DL) based approaches, enabling multi-fold…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-24 Vaibhav Joshi , Sricharan V , Preejith SP , Mohanasankar Sivaprakasam