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Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly expanding and integrating more into daily life to automate tasks, guide decision making, and enhance efficiency. However, complex AI models, which make decisions without providing clear explanations…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Lakshit Arora , Sanjay Surendranath Girija , Shashank Kapoor , Aman Raj , Dipen Pradhan , Ankit Shetgaonkar

The growing number of AI applications, also for high-stake decisions, increases the interest in Explainable and Interpretable Machine Learning (XI-ML). This trend can be seen both in the increasing number of regulations and strategies for…

Many ML models are opaque to humans, producing decisions too complex for humans to easily understand. In response, explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) tools that analyze the inner workings of a model have been created. Despite these…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-06-17 Kiana Alikhademi , Brianna Richardson , Emma Drobina , Juan E. Gilbert

Predictive Process Monitoring (PPM) often uses deep learning models to predict the future behavior of ongoing processes, such as predicting process outcomes. While these models achieve high accuracy, their lack of interpretability…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Soobin Chae , Suhwan Lee , Hanna Hauptmann , Hajo A. Reijers , Xixi Lu

With the availability of large databases and recent improvements in deep learning methodology, the performance of AI systems is reaching or even exceeding the human level on an increasing number of complex tasks. Impressive examples of this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-08-29 Wojciech Samek , Thomas Wiegand , Klaus-Robert Müller

Financial forecasting increasingly uses large neural network models, but their opacity raises challenges for trust and regulatory compliance. We present several approaches to explainable and reliable AI in finance. \emph{First}, we describe…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Albi Isufaj , Pablo Mollá , Helmut Prendinger

Being able to predict the remaining useful life (RUL) of an engineering system is an important task in prognostics and health management. Recently, data-driven approaches to RUL predictions are becoming prevalent over model-based approaches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Marc-André Zöller , Fabian Mauthe , Peter Zeiler , Marius Lindauer , Marco F. Huber

Remaining Useful Life (RUL) estimation is the problem of inferring how long a certain industrial asset can be expected to operate within its defined specifications. Deploying successful RUL prediction methods in real-life applications is a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-09 Luca Biggio , Alexander Wieland , Manuel Arias Chao , Iason Kastanis , Olga Fink

Explainable AI (XAI) holds significant promise for enhancing the transparency and trustworthiness of AI-driven threat detection in Security Operations Centers (SOCs). However, identifying the appropriate level and format of explanation,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Nidhi Rastogi , Shirid Pant , Devang Dhanuka , Amulya Saxena , Pranjal Mairal

1. The popularity of Machine learning (ML), Deep learning (DL), and Artificial intelligence (AI) has risen sharply in recent years. Despite this spike in popularity, the inner workings of ML and DL algorithms are often perceived as opaque,…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2023-03-28 Maximilian Pichler , Florian Hartig

Recent legislative regulations have underlined the need for accountable and transparent artificial intelligence systems and have contributed to a growing interest in the Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) field. Nonetheless, the lack…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Ilaria Vascotto , Alex Rodriguez , Alessandro Bonaita , Luca Bortolussi

Artificial Intelligence and Digital Twins play an integral role in driving innovation in the domain of intelligent driving. Long short-term memory (LSTM) is a leading driver in the field of lane change prediction for manoeuvre anticipation.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Christoph Wehner , Francis Powlesland , Bashar Altakrouri , Ute Schmid

Recent engineering developments in specialised computational hardware, data-acquisition and storage technology have seen the emergence of Machine Learning (ML) as a powerful form of data analysis with widespread applicability beyond its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-19 Ashwin Srinivasan , Michael Bain , Enrico Coiera

Uncertainty is a key feature of any machine learning model and is particularly important in neural networks, which tend to be overconfident. This overconfidence is worrying under distribution shifts, where the model performance silently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Arthur Thuy , Dries F. Benoit

Explainability is needed to establish confidence in machine learning results. Some explainable methods take a post hoc approach to explain the weights of machine learning models, others highlight areas of the input contributing to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Paul Whitten , Francis Wolff , Chris Papachristou

Explanatory interactive learning (XIL) enables users to guide model training in machine learning (ML) by providing feedback on the model's explanations, thereby helping it to focus on features that are relevant to the prediction from the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Nathanya Satriani , Djordje Slijepčević , Markus Schedl , Matthias Zeppelzauer

Automated Machine Learning-based systems' integration into a wide range of tasks has expanded as a result of their performance and speed. Although there are numerous advantages to employing ML-based systems, if they are not interpretable,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-08 Ioannis Mollas , Nick Bassiliades , Grigorios Tsoumakas

Recently, it has been proposed that fruitful synergies may exist between Deep Learning (DL) and Case Based Reasoning (CBR); that there are insights to be gained by applying CBR ideas to problems in DL (what could be called DeepCBR). In this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Mark T Keane , Eoin M Kenny , Mohammed Temraz , Derek Greene , Barry Smyth

We present a brief history of the field of interpretable machine learning (IML), give an overview of state-of-the-art interpretation methods, and discuss challenges. Research in IML has boomed in recent years. As young as the field is, it…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-01-24 Christoph Molnar , Giuseppe Casalicchio , Bernd Bischl

This research aims develop an Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) framework to facilitate human-understandable solutions for tool wear prediction during turning. A random forest algorithm was used as the supervised Machine Learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Saleh Valizadeh Sotubadi , Rui Liu , Vinh Neguyen