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Physics simulations have become fundamental tools to study myriad engineering systems. As physics simulations often involve simplifications, their outputs should be calibrated using real-world data. In this paper, we present a…

Computation · Statistics 2025-08-25 Naichen Shi , Hao Yan , Shenghan Guo , Raed Al Kontar

Reducing energy consumption and carbon emissions in data centers by enabling real-time temperature prediction is critical for sustainability and operational efficiency. Achieving this requires accurate modeling of the 3D temperature field…

Surrogate modeling and uncertainty quantification tasks for PDE systems are most often considered as supervised learning problems where input and output data pairs are used for training. The construction of such emulators is by definition a…

Computational Physics · Physics 2019-06-26 Yinhao Zhu , Nicholas Zabaras , Phaedon-Stelios Koutsourelakis , Paris Perdikaris

As the demand for computational power increases, high-bandwidth memory (HBM) has become a critical technology for next-generation computing systems. However, the widespread adoption of HBM presents significant thermal management challenges,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Chengxin Zhang , Yujie Liu , Quan Chen

In computational fluid dynamics, there is an inevitable trade off between accuracy and computational cost. In this work, a novel multi-fidelity deep generative model is introduced for the surrogate modeling of high-fidelity turbulent flow…

Computational Physics · Physics 2021-01-12 Nicholas Geneva , Nicholas Zabaras

Accurate prediction of physical fields is critical in various engineering applications, including thermal management in electronic systems, airfoil shape optimization in aerospace, and flow field control in hypersonic vehicles. This study…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-03-12 Yuan Jia , Chi Zhang , Hao Ma , Qiao Zhang , Kai Liu , Chih-Yung Wen

Physical field reconstruction is highly desirable for the measurement and control of engineering systems. The reconstruction of the temperature field from limited observation plays a crucial role in thermal management for electronic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-27 Xingwen Peng , Xingchen Li , Zhiqiang Gong , Xiaoyu Zhao , Wen Yao

Neural networks (NNs) are often used as surrogates or emulators of partial differential equations (PDEs) that describe the dynamics of complex systems. A virtually negligible computational cost of such surrogates renders them an attractive…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-05-04 Dong H. Song , Daniel M. Tartakovsky

Science and engineering fields use computer simulation extensively. These simulations are often run at multiple levels of sophistication to balance accuracy and efficiency. Multi-fidelity surrogate modeling reduces the computational cost by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-13 Dongxia Wu , Matteo Chinazzi , Alessandro Vespignani , Yi-An Ma , Rose Yu

The development of a reliable and robust surrogate model is often constrained by the dimensionality of the problem. For a system with high-dimensional inputs/outputs (I/O), conventional approaches usually use a low-dimensional manifold to…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-01 Xihaier Luo , Ahsan Kareem

Simulating 2D flow in fractured crystalline rock requires 2D stochastic discrete-fracture matrix (DFM) models. To obtain the simulation statistics of interest at an affordable computational cost, we aim to use the multilevel Monte Carlo…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2024-04-24 Martin Špetlík , Jan Březina , Eric Laloy

Climate control of buildings makes up a significant portion of global energy consumption, with groundwater heat pumps providing a suitable alternative. To prevent possibly negative interactions between heat pumps throughout a city, city…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-30 Raphael Leiteritz , Kyle Davis , Miriam Schulte , Dirk Pflüger

Deep learning, particularly convolutional neural networks for image recognition, has been recently used in meteorology. One of the promising applications is developing a statistical surrogate model that converts the output images of…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2020-07-22 Tsuyoshi Thomas Sekiyama

Despite the successful implementations of physics-informed neural networks in different scientific domains, it has been shown that for complex nonlinear systems, achieving an accurate model requires extensive hyperparameter tuning, network…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Milad Ramezankhani , Amir Nazemi , Apurva Narayan , Heinz Voggenreiter , Mehrtash Harandi , Rudolf Seethaler , Abbas S. Milani

Since the internal temperature is less accessible than surface temperature, there is an urgent need to develop accurate and real-time estimation algorithms for better thermal management and safety. This work presents a novel framework for…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-15 Yusheng Zheng , Wenxue Liu , Yunhong Che , Ferdinand Grimm , Jingyuan Zhao , Xiaosong Hu , Simona Onori , Remus Teodorescu , Gregory J. Offer

Artificial intelligence is transforming scientific computing with deep neural network surrogates that approximate solutions to partial differential equations (PDEs). Traditional off-line training methods face issues with storage and I/O…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Sofya Dymchenko , Abhishek Purandare , Bruno Raffin

High-performance scientific simulations, important for comprehension of complex systems, encounter computational challenges especially when exploring extensive parameter spaces. There has been an increasing interest in developing deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Pradeep Bajracharya , Javier Quetzalcóatl Toledo-Marín , Geoffrey Fox , Shantenu Jha , Linwei Wang

One of the main challenges in surrogate modeling is the limited availability of data due to resource constraints associated with computationally expensive simulations. Multi-fidelity methods provide a solution by chaining models in a…

Machine-learning-based parameterizations (i.e. representation of sub-grid processes) of global climate models or turbulent simulations have recently been proposed as a powerful alternative to physical, but empirical, representations,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Mohamed Aziz Bhouri , Liran Peng , Michael S. Pritchard , Pierre Gentine

The temperature parameter plays a profound role during training and/or inference with large foundation models (LFMs) such as large language models (LLMs) and CLIP models. Particularly, it adjusts the logits in the softmax function in LLMs,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Zi-Hao Qiu , Siqi Guo , Mao Xu , Tuo Zhao , Lijun Zhang , Tianbao Yang