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Over the past year, a handful of new gravitational wave models have been developed to include multiple harmonic modes thereby enabling for the first time fully Bayesian inference studies including higher modes to be performed. Using one…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-07-01 Feroz H. Shaik , Jacob Lange , Scott E. Field , Richard O'Shaughnessy , Vijay Varma , Lawrence E. Kidder , Harald P. Pfeiffer , Daniel Wysocki

In linear perturbation theory, the ringdown of a gravitational wave (GW) signal is described by a linear combination of quasinormal modes (QNMs). Detecting QNMs from GW signals is a promising way to test GR, central to the developing field…

GW190521 is a short-duration, low-frequency gravitational-wave signal in the LIGO-Virgo catalogue. The signal is consistent with the ringdown and possibly some of the inspiral-merger of an intermediate-mass binary black-hole coalescence. We…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-07-25 Harrison Siegel , Maximiliano Isi , Will Farr

Hierarchical mergers in a dense environment are one of the primary formation channels of intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) binary system. We expect that the resulting massive binary system will exhibit mass asymmetry. The emitted…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-08-05 Kritti Sharma , Koustav Chandra , Archana Pai

We introduce DenoiseGapFiller (DGF), a deep-learning framework specifically designed to reconstruct gravitational-wave ringdown signals corrupted by data gaps and instrumental noise. DGF employs a dual-branch encoder-decoder architecture,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-11-04 Jing-Qi Lai , Jia-Geng Jiao , Cai-Ying Shao , Jun-Xi Shi , Yu Tian

In recent work, we examined how different modes in the ringdown phase of a binary coalescence are excited as a function of the final plunge geometry. At least in the large mass ratio limit, we found a clean mapping between angles describing…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-06-29 Halston Lim , Gaurav Khanna , Scott A. Hughes

Merging binary black holes exhibit a ringdown phase in which they primarily emit gravitational waves in the shape of damped sinusoids corresponding to quasi-normal modes of the Kerr remnant. In general, each mode carries four degrees of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-18 Nicole Khusid , Will Farr , Max Isi

Many audio applications rely on filter banks (FBs) to analyze, process, and re-synthesize sounds. To approximate the auditory frequency resolution in the signal chain, some applications rely on perceptually motivated FBs, the gammatone FB…

Sound · Computer Science 2016-01-26 Thibaud Necciari , Nicki Holighaus , Peter Balazs , Zdenek Prusa

Gravitational wave (GW) detection has enabled us to test General Relativity in an entirely new regime. A prominent role in tests of General Relativity takes the detection of the Quasi-normal modes (QNMs) that arise as the highly distorted…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-05-29 Alejandro Torres-Orjuela

Black hole ringdowns in extensions of General Relativity (GR) generically exhibit two distinct signatures: (1) theory-dependent shifts in the standard black-hole quasinormal modes, and (2) additional modes arising from extra fundamental…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-11 Francesco Crescimbeni , Xisco Jimenez-Forteza , Paolo Pani

Gravitational-wave observations of binary black holes currently rely on theoretical models that predict the dominant multipoles (l,m) of the radiation during inspiral, merger and ringdown. We introduce a simple method to include the…

As gravitational-wave ringdown signals grow louder, quasinormal-mode inference depends increasingly on the treatment of extrinsic parameters. Standard analyses fix sky localization - and sometimes also polarization and inclination - to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-19 Kallol Dey , Enrico Barausse , Marco Crisostomi , Roberto Trotta

Next-generation gravitational wave detectors such as the Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer will have increased sensitivity and observing volumes, enabling unprecedented precision in parameter estimation. However, this enhanced…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-05-16 Veome Kapil , Luca Reali , Roberto Cotesta , Emanuele Berti

We present a new effective-one-body (EOB) waveform for eccentric, nonspinning, binaries in the extreme mass ratio limit, with initial eccentricities up to $0.95$. The EOB analytical waveform, that includes noncircular corrections up to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-10-24 Simone Albanesi , Sebastiano Bernuzzi , Thibault Damour , Alessandro Nagar , Andrea Placidi

We present a simple formula for the effective ringdown frequencies of the gravitational-wave signal of a precessing black-hole binary in the co-precessing frame. This formula requires only knowledge of the quasi-normal mode frequencies of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-05-24 Eleanor Hamilton , Lionel London , Mark Hannam

Of all the astronomical sources of gravitational radiation, the ringdown waveform arising from a small perturbation of a spinning black hole is perhaps the best understood: for the late stages of such a perturbation, the waveform is simply…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-12-30 Jolien D. E. Creighton

GW190412 is the first observation of a black hole binary with definitively unequal masses. GW190412's mass asymmetry, along with the measured positive effective inspiral spin, allowed for inference of a component black hole spin: the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-08-13 Michael Zevin , Christopher P. L. Berry , Scott Coughlin , Katerina Chatziioannou , Salvatore Vitale

When two black holes merge, the late stage of gravitational wave emission is a superposition of exponentially damped sinusoids. According to the black hole no-hair theorem, this ringdown spectrum depends only on the mass and angular…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-01-12 Collin D. Capano , Miriam Cabero , Julian Westerweck , Jahed Abedi , Shilpa Kastha , Alexander H. Nitz , Yi-Fan Wang , Alex B. Nielsen , Badri Krishnan

On January 14, 2025 the LIGO interferometers detected a gravitational wave from the merger of two black holes, GW250114. Using publicly available information, we estimate that the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of GW250114 was $\sim 80$. This…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-08-12 Aleyna Akyüz , Alex Correia , Jada Garofalo , Keisi Kacanja , Labani Roy , Kanchan Soni , Hung Tan , Vikas Jadhav Y , Alexander H. Nitz , Collin D. Capano

The final stage of a binary black hole merger is ringdown, in which the system is described by a Kerr black hole with quasinormal mode perturbations. It is far from straightforward to identify the time at which the ringdown begins. Yet…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-06-06 Swetha Bhagwat , Maria Okounkova , Stefan W. Ballmer , Duncan A. Brown , Matthew Giesler , Mark A. Scheel , Saul A. Teukolsky