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Ringdown gravitational waves of compact object binaries observed by ground-based gravitational-wave detectors encapsulate rich information to understand remnant objects after the merger and to test general relativity in the strong field. In…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-09-29 Norichika Sago , Soichiro Isoyama , Hiroyuki Nakano

A major aim of gravitational wave astronomy is to test observationally the Kerr nature of black holes. The strongest such test, with minimal additional assumptions, is provided by observations of multiple ringdown modes, also known as black…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-10-10 Collin D. Capano , Jahed Abedi , Shilpa Kastha , Alexander H. Nitz , Julian Westerweck , Yi-Fan Wang , Miriam Cabero , Alex B. Nielsen , Badri Krishnan

We examine recent claims that evidence for an overtone in the ringdown of the GW150914 binary black hole merger was a result of noise anomalies. We cannot reproduce these claims, finding that our previous analysis of this event is robust to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-02-22 Maximiliano Isi , Will M. Farr

We propose two frequency-domain filters to analyze ringdown signals of binary black hole mergers. The first rational filter is constructed based on a set of (arbitrary) quasi-normal modes (QNMs) of the remnant black holes, whereas the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-12-13 Sizheng Ma , Keefe Mitman , Ling Sun , Nils Deppe , François Hébert , Lawrence E. Kidder , Jordan Moxon , William Throwe , Nils L. Vu , Yanbei Chen

A perturbed black hole rings down by emitting gravitational waves in tones with specific frequencies and durations. Such tones encode prized information about the geometry of the source spacetime and the fundamental nature of gravity,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-07-15 Maximiliano Isi , Will M. Farr

Extracting quasinormal modes from compact binary mergers to perform black hole spectroscopy is one of the fundamental pillars in current and future strong-gravity tests. Among the most remarkable findings of recent works is that including a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-09-19 Peter James Nee , Sebastian H. Völkel , Harald P. Pfeiffer

Overtones are known to improve the performance of fits to the ringdown, both in numerical-relativity simulations and gravitational-wave observations. Although the overtone frequencies are a concrete prediction of general relativity, it…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-10 Erin Coleman , Eliot Finch

Extraction of multiple quasinormal modes from ringdown gravitational waves emitted from a binary black hole coalescence is a touchstone to test whether a remnant black hole is described by the Kerr spacetime in general relativity. However,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-09-13 Kazuto Takahashi , Hayato Motohashi

The spectral amplitude of the merger-ringdown gravitational wave (GW) emitted by a comparable mass-ratio black hole merger is modeled by the greybody factor of the remnant black hole. We also include the post-Newtonian correction to the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-10-31 Kazumasa Okabayashi , Naritaka Oshita

Validating the black-hole no-hair theorem with gravitational-wave observations of compact binary coalescences provides a compelling argument that the remnant object is indeed a black hole as described by the general theory of relativity.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-02-19 Swetha Bhagwat , Xisco Jimenez Forteza , Paolo Pani , Valeria Ferrari

We develop an analytical ringdown waveform model, including both the fundamental and the overtone quasinormal modes, for charged black holes and show that it is precise enough to analyze current gravitational wave data. Applying this…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-12-03 Hai-Tian Wang , Shao-Peng Tang , Peng-Cheng Li , Yi-Zhong Fan

The relaxation of a distorted black hole to its final state provides important tests of general relativity within the reach of current and upcoming gravitational wave facilities. In black hole perturbation theory, this phase consists of a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-03-07 Vishal Baibhav , Emanuele Berti , Vitor Cardoso , Gaurav Khanna

In light of the current (and future) gravitational wave detections, more sensitive tests of general relativity can be devised. Black hole spectroscopy has long been proposed as a way to test the no-hair theorem, that is, how closely an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-05-06 Iara Ota , Cecilia Chirenti

The ringdown phase of a binary black-hole merger provides a clean probe of strong-field gravity, as it can be modeled with minimal assumptions. The quasi-normal-mode frequencies encode the mass and spin of the Kerr black-hole remnant, while…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-08 Chiara Anselmo , Costantino Pacilio , Davide Gerosa

Gravitational-wave (GW) ringdown signals from black holes (BHs) encode crucial information about the gravitational dynamics in the strong-field regime, which offers unique insights into BH properties. In the future, the improving…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-24 Yiming Dong , Ziming Wang , Hai-Tian Wang , Junjie Zhao , Lijing Shao

We propose a novel, frequency-domain approach to the analysis of the gravitational-wave ringdown signal of binary black holes and the identification of quasinormal mode frequencies of the remnant. Our approach avoids the issues of spectral…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-01-11 Eliot Finch , Christopher J. Moore

We study an improved method for detecting gravitational wave (GW) signals from perturbed black holes by earth-based detectors in the quest for searching for intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs). Such signals, called ringdowns, are damped…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-12-16 Dipongkar Talukder , Sukanta Bose , Sarah Caudill , Paul T. Baker

We investigate how resonant excitation near exceptional points manifests in Kerr black hole ringdown waveforms and examine its extraction. Using waveforms generated by localized initial data, where quasinormal mode amplitudes are given…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-27 Kei-ichiro Kubota , Hayato Motohashi

Modelling the end point of binary black hole mergers is a cornerstone of modern gravitational-wave astronomy. Extracting multiple quasinormal mode frequencies from the ringdown signal allows the remnant black hole to be studied in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-05-11 Eliot Finch , Christopher J. Moore

During the ringdown phase of a gravitational signal emitted by a black hole, the least damped quasinormal frequency dominates. If modifications to Einstein's theory induce noticeable deformations of the black-hole geometry only near the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-12-29 R. A. Konoplya