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In this work, we use real-world data in order to evaluate and validate a machine learning (ML)-based algorithm for physical layer functionalities. Specifically, we apply a recently introduced Gaussian mixture model (GMM)-based algorithm in…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-29 Nurettin Turan , Benedikt Fesl , Moritz Grundei , Michael Koller , Wolfgang Utschick

In this work, we propose variations of a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) based channel estimator that was recently proven to be asymptotically optimal in the minimum mean square error (MMSE) sense. We account for the need of low computational…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Benedikt Fesl , Michael Joham , Sha Hu , Michael Koller , Nurettin Turan , Wolfgang Utschick

A novel Gaussian mixture model (GMM) aided sparse Bayesian learning (SBL) framework is proposed for channel state information (CSI) estimation in orthogonal time-frequency space (OTFS) modulated systems. The key attribute of the proposed…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-31 Surbhi Gehlot , Suraj Srivastava , Sandeep Kumar Yadav , Lajos Hanzo

This paper investigates a channel estimator based on Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) in the context of linear inverse problems with additive Gaussian noise. We fit a GMM to given channel samples to obtain an analytic probability density…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-14 Michael Koller , Benedikt Fesl , Nurettin Turan , Wolfgang Utschick

This paper investigates a channel estimator based on Gaussian mixture models (GMMs). We fit a GMM to given channel samples to obtain an analytic probability density function (PDF) which approximates the true channel PDF. Then, a conditional…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Michael Koller , Benedikt Fesl , Nurettin Turan , Wolfgang Utschick

In this work, we propose to utilize Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) to design pilots for downlink (DL) channel estimation in frequency division duplex (FDD) systems. The GMM captures prior information during training that is leveraged to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-27 Nurettin Turan , Benedikt Fesl , Benedikt Böck , Michael Joham , Wolfgang Utschick

We propose an Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) learning algorithm, based on our previous work of GMM expansion idea. The new algorithm brings more robustness and simplicity than classic Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm. It also improves…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Weiguo Lu , Xuan Wu , Deng Ding , Gangnan Yuan

We present an approach for efficiently training Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) by Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) with non-stationary, high-dimensional streaming data. Our training scheme does not require data-driven parameter…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-05 Alexander Gepperth , Benedikt Pfülb

In this work, we utilize a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) to capture the underlying probability density function (PDF) of the channel trajectories of moving mobile terminals (MTs) within the coverage area of a base station (BS) in an offline…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-14 Nurettin Turan , Benedikt Böck , Kai Jie Chan , Benedikt Fesl , Friedrich Burmeister , Michael Joham , Gerhard Fettweis , Wolfgang Utschick

Channel estimation in quantized systems is challenging, particularly in low-resolution systems. In this work, we propose to leverage a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) as generative prior, capturing the channel distribution of the propagation…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-07 Benedikt Fesl , Aziz Banna , Wolfgang Utschick

In this work, we propose two methods that utilize data symbols in addition to pilot symbols for improved channel estimation quality in a multi-user system, so-called semi-blind channel estimation. To this end, a subspace is estimated based…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-12 Franz Weißer , Nurettin Turan , Dominik Semmler , Wolfgang Utschick

This work introduces a novel class of channel estimators tailored for coarse quantization systems. The proposed estimators are founded on conditionally Gaussian latent generative models, specifically Gaussian mixture models (GMMs), mixture…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-19 Benedikt Fesl , Nurettin Turan , Benedikt Böck , Wolfgang Utschick

Learning a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) is a fundamental problem in machine learning, learning theory, and statistics. One notion of learning a GMM is proper learning: here, the goal is to find a mixture of $k$ Gaussians $\mathcal{M}$ that…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-06-04 Jerry Li , Ludwig Schmidt

Multimodal learning integrates diverse modalities but suffers from modality imbalance, where dominant modalities suppress weaker ones due to inconsistent convergence rates. Existing methods predominantly rely on static modulation or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Zhaocheng Liu , Zhiwen Yu , Xiaoqing Liu

In learning theory, a standard assumption is that the data is generated from a finite mixture model. But what happens when the number of components is not known in advance? The problem of estimating the number of components, also called…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Jerry Li , Allen Liu , Ankur Moitra

Generative adversarial networks (GANs) learn the distribution of observed samples through a zero-sum game between two machine players, a generator and a discriminator. While GANs achieve great success in learning the complex distribution of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-19 Farzan Farnia , William Wang , Subhro Das , Ali Jadbabaie

Learning a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) is hard when the number of parameters is too large given the amount of available data. As a remedy, we propose restricting the GMM to a Gaussian Markov Random Field Mixture Model (GMRF-MM), as well as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Shahaf E. Finder , Eran Treister , Oren Freifeld

Image compression is a fundamental research field and many well-known compression standards have been developed for many decades. Recently, learned compression methods exhibit a fast development trend with promising results. However, there…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-31 Zhengxue Cheng , Heming Sun , Masaru Takeuchi , Jiro Katto

In this work, we propose a Gaussian mixture model (GMM)-based pilot design scheme for downlink (DL) channel estimation in single- and multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) frequency division duplex (FDD) systems. In an initial…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Nurettin Turan , Benedikt Böck , Benedikt Fesl , Michael Joham , Deniz Gündüz , Wolfgang Utschick

Neural networks in general, from MLPs and CNNs to attention-based Transformers, are constructed from layers of linear combinations followed by nonlinear operations such as ReLU, Sigmoid, or Softmax. Despite their strength, these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Weiguo Lu , Gangnan Yuan , Hong-kun Zhang , Shangyang Li
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