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Identifying strong lensing gravitational wave (SLGW) events is of utmost importance in astrophysics as we approach the historic first detection of SLGW amidst the growing number of gravitational wave (GW) events. Currently, one crucial…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-12-24 Xikai Shan , Xuechun Chen , Bin Hu , Guoliang Li

Microlensing imprints by typical stellar mass lenses on gravitational waves are challenging to identify in the LIGO and Virgo frequency band because such effects are weak. However, stellar mass lenses are generally embedded in lens galaxies…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-12-01 Eungwang Seo , Otto A. Hannuksela , Tjonnie G. F. Li

Strong gravitational lensing produces multiple images of a gravitational wave (GW) signal, which can be observed by detectors as time-separated copies of the same event. It has been shown that under favourable circumstances, by combining…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-08-04 Harsh Narola , Justin Janquart , Leïla Haegel , K. Haris , Otto A. Hannuksela , Chris Van Den Broeck

We discuss the gravitational lensing of gravitational wave signals from coalescing binaries. We delineate the regime where wave effects are significant from the regime where geometric limit can be used. Further, we focus on the effect of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-12-18 Ashish Kumar Meena , J S Bagla

Gravitational lensing describes the bending of the trajectories of light and gravitational waves due to the gravitational potential of a massive object. Strong lensing by galaxies can create multiple images with different overall…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-02-26 Simon M. C. Yeung , Mark H. Y. Cheung , Joseph A. J. Gais , Otto A. Hannuksela , Tjonnie G. F. Li

Since the first detection of gravitational waves in 2015, gravitational-wave astronomy has emerged as a rapidly advancing field that holds great potential for studying the cosmos, from probing the properties of black holes to testing the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-05-17 Anna Liu , Isaac C. F. Wong , Samson H. W. Leong , Anupreeta More , Otto A. Hannuksela , Tjonnie G. F. Li

Assessing the probability that two or more gravitational waves (GWs) are lensed images of the same source requires an understanding of the image properties, including their relative phase shifts in strong lensing (SL). For non-precessing,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-03-31 Jose María Ezquiaga , Daniel E. Holz , Wayne Hu , Macarena Lagos , Robert M. Wald

Strong gravitational lensing is a gravitational wave (GW) propagation effect that influences the inferred GW source parameters and the cosmological environment. Identifying strongly-lensed GW images is challenging as waveform amplitude…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-06-02 Yijun Wang , Rico K. L. Lo , Alvin K. Y. Li , Yanbei Chen

Like light, gravitational waves can be gravitationally lensed by massive astrophysical objects. Strong gravitational lensing by galaxies and galaxy clusters is anticipated to become observable in the coming years. This phenomenon will…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-06-03 Leo C. Y. Ng , Justin Janquart , Hemantakumar Phurailatpam , Harsh Narola , Jason S. C. Poon , Chris Van Den Broeck , Otto A. Hannuksela

The gravitational lensing wave effect generated by a microlensing field embedded in a lens galaxy is an inevitable phenomenon in strong lensed gravitational waves (SLGWs). This effect presents both challenges and opportunities for the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-12-24 Xikai Shan , Guoliang Li , Xuechun Chen , Wen Zhao , Bin Hu , Shude Mao

The increase in gravitational wave (GW) events has allowed receiving strong lensing image pairs of GWs. However, the wave effect (diffraction and interference) due to the microlens field contaminates the parameter estimation of the image…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-12-24 Xikai Shan , Guoliang Li , Xuechun Chen , Wenwen Zheng , Wen Zhao

Gravitational waves, like light, can be gravitationally lensed by massive astrophysical objects such as galaxies and galaxy clusters. Strong gravitational-wave lensing, forecasted at a reasonable rate in ground-based gravitational-wave…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-08-18 Justin Janquart , Otto A. Hannuksela , Haris K. , Chris Van Den Broeck

Gravitational waves (GWs) from distant sources such as inspiralling and merging stellar-mass compact binaries, intermediate-mass and supermassive-binary-black-hole can be gravitationally lensed by intervening objects, ranging from stars and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-19 Zhiwei Chen , Youjun Lu

Similar to light, gravitational waves (GWs) can be lensed. Such lensing phenomena can magnify the waves, create multiple images observable as repeated events, and superpose several waveforms together, inducing potentially discernible…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-07-19 Kyungmin Kim , Joongoo Lee , Robin S. H. Yuen , Otto Akseli Hannuksela , Tjonnie G. F. Li

With the increase in the number of observed gravitational wave (GW) signals, detecting strongly lensed GWs by galaxies has become a real possibility. Lens galaxies also contain microlenses (e.g., stars and black holes), introducing further…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-10-05 Ashish Kumar Meena , Anuj Mishra , Anupreeta More , Sukanta Bose , Jasjeet Singh Bagla

It is shown that accurate photometric observations of a relatively high--magnification microlensing event ($A\gg 1$), occurring close to the line of sight of a gravitational wave (GW) source, represented by a binary star, can allow the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 R. Ragazzoni , G. Valente , E. Marchetti

Like light, gravitational waves are gravitationally lensed by intervening massive astrophysical objects, such as galaxies, clusters, black holes, and stars, resulting in a variety of potentially observable gravitational-wave lensing…

With increasing sensitivities of the current ground-based gravitational-wave (GW) detectors, the prospects of detecting a strongly lensed GW signal are going to be high in the coming years. When such a signal passes through an intervening…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-10-13 Anuj Mishra , Ashish Kumar Meena , Anupreeta More , Sukanta Bose , J S Bagla

Strongly lensed gravitational waves may pass through the stellar field of a lensing galaxy with additional modulations (on both phase and amplitude) due to gravitational microlensing effect of stars/remnants near the line of sight. These…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-21 Zhaoqi Su , Xikai Shan , Zhenwei Lyu , Junyao Zhang , Yebin Liu , Shude Mao , Huan Yang

It is expected that gravitational waves, similar to electromagnetic waves, can be gravitationally lensed by intervening matters, producing multiple instances of the same signal arriving at different times from different apparent luminosity…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-06-14 Rico K. L. Lo , Ignacio Magana Hernandez
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