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In real-world scenarios, tabular data often suffer from distribution shifts that threaten the performance of machine learning models. Despite its prevalence and importance, handling distribution shifts in the tabular domain remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Changhun Kim , Taewon Kim , Seungyeon Woo , June Yong Yang , Eunho Yang

Currently, pre-trained language models (PLMs) do not cope well with the distribution shift problem, resulting in models trained on the training set failing in real test scenarios. To address this problem, the test-time adaptation (TTA)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Yi Su , Yixin Ji , Juntao Li , Hai Ye , Min Zhang

Current test-time adaptation (TTA) approaches aim to adapt a machine learning model to environments that change continuously. Yet, it is unclear whether TTA methods can maintain their adaptability over prolonged periods. To answer this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Trung-Hieu Hoang , Duc Minh Vo , Minh N. Do

Existing test-time adaptation (TTA) approaches often adapt models with the unlabeled testing data stream. A recent attempt relaxed the assumption by introducing limited human annotation, referred to as Human-In-the-Loop Test-Time Adaptation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Yushu Li , Yongyi Su , Xulei Yang , Kui Jia , Xun Xu

Test-time augmentation -- the aggregation of predictions across transformed examples of test inputs -- is an established technique to improve the performance of image classification models. Importantly, TTA can be used to improve model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-29 Helen Lu , Divya Shanmugam , Harini Suresh , John Guttag

Test-time adaptation (TTA) adapts the pre-trained models during inference using unlabeled test data and has received a lot of research attention due to its potential practical value. Unfortunately, without any label supervision, existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Longhui Yuan , Shuang Li , Zhuo He , Binhui Xie

Deep learning models have demonstrated exceptional performance across a wide range of computer vision tasks. However, their performance often degrades significantly when faced with distribution shifts, such as domain or dataset changes.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Samuel Barbeau , Pedram Fekri , David Osowiechi , Ali Bahri , Moslem Yazdanpanah , Masih Aminbeidokhti , Christian Desrosiers

Deep neural networks often degrade under distribution shifts. Although domain adaptation offers a solution, privacy constraints often prevent access to source data, making Test-Time Adaptation (TTA, which adapts using only unlabeled test…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Linjing You , Jiabao Lu , Xiayuan Huang

Changes in the data distribution at test time can have deleterious effects on the performance of predictive models $p(y|x)$. We consider situations where there are additional meta-data labels (such as group labels), denoted by $z$, that can…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-11-30 Qingyao Sun , Kevin Murphy , Sayna Ebrahimi , Alexander D'Amour

Test-time adaptation (TTA) aims to address the distribution shift between the training and test data with only unlabeled data at test time. Existing TTA methods often focus on improving recognition performance specifically for test data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Yongcan Yu , Lijun Sheng , Ran He , Jian Liang

Recently, test-time adaptation (TTA) has been proposed as a promising solution for addressing distribution shifts. It allows a base model to adapt to an unforeseen distribution during inference by leveraging the information from the batch…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Tong Wu , Feiran Jia , Xiangyu Qi , Jiachen T. Wang , Vikash Sehwag , Saeed Mahloujifar , Prateek Mittal

Foundational Vision-Language Models (VLMs) excel across diverse tasks, but adapting them to new domains without forgetting prior knowledge remains a critical challenge. Continual Learning (CL) addresses this challenge by enabling models to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Vaibhav Singh , Rahaf Aljundi , Eugene Belilovsky

Test-time domain adaptation aims to adapt the model trained on source domains to unseen target domains using a few unlabeled images. Emerging research has shown that the label and domain information is separately embedded in the weight…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Yanan Wu , Zhixiang Chi , Yang Wang , Konstantinos N. Plataniotis , Songhe Feng

Test-time adaptation (TTA) has emerged as a promising paradigm for vision-language models (VLMs) to bridge the distribution gap between pre-training and test data. Recent works have focused on backpropagation-free TTA methods that rely on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Zhaohong Huang , Yuxin Zhang , Wenjing Liu , Fei Chao , Rongrong Ji

The goal of test-time adaptation is to adapt a source-pretrained model to a continuously changing target domain without relying on any source data. Typically, this is either done by updating the parameters of the model (model adaptation)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Mrigank Raman , Rohan Shah , Akash Kannan , Pranit Chawla

Unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) transfers knowledge from a label-rich source domain to a different but related fully-unlabeled target domain. To address the problem of domain shift, more and more UDA methods adopt pseudo labels of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Jie Wang , Xiao-Lei Zhang

This paper investigates test-time adaptation (TTA) for regression, where a regression model pre-trained in a source domain is adapted to an unknown target distribution with unlabeled target data. Although regression is one of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Kazuki Adachi , Shin'ya Yamaguchi , Atsutoshi Kumagai , Tomoki Hamagami

Recent works on unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) focus on the selection of good pseudo-labels as surrogates for the missing labels in the target data. However, source domain bias that deteriorates the pseudo-labels can still exist since…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Can Zhang , Gim Hee Lee

It is desirable to transfer the knowledge stored in a well-trained source model onto non-annotated target domain in the absence of source data. However, state-of-the-art methods for source free domain adaptation (SFDA) are subject to strict…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-24 Xin Luo , Wei Chen , Yusong Tan , Chen Li , Yulin He , Xiaogang Jia

Since distribution shifts are likely to occur during test-time and can drastically decrease the model's performance, online test-time adaptation (TTA) continues to update the model after deployment, leveraging the current test data.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Robert A. Marsden , Mario Döbler , Bin Yang