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The Decentralized Physical Infrastructure (DePIN) market is revolutionizing the sharing economy through token-based economics and smart contracts that govern decentralized operations. By 2024, DePIN projects have exceeded \$10 billion in…
Blockchain systems are challenged by the so-called Trilemma tradeoff: decentralization, scalability and security. Infrastructure and node configuration, choice of the Consensus Protocol and complexity of the application transactions are…
Game theory is often used as a tool to analyze decentralized systems and their properties, in particular, blockchains. In this note, we take the opposite view. We argue that blockchains can and should be used to implement economic…
With advancements in distributed ledger technologies and smart contracts, tokenized voting rights gained prominence within Decentralized Finance (DeFi). Voting rights tokens (aka. governance tokens) are fungible tokens that grant individual…
An understanding of the economic landscape in a world of ever increasing data necessitates representations of data that can inform policy, deepen understanding and guide future research. Topological Data Analysis offers a set of tools which…
In decentralized finance (DeFi), stablecoins like DAI are designed to offer a stable value amidst the fluctuating nature of cryptocurrencies. We examine the class of crypto-backed stable derivatives, with a focus on mechanisms for price…
The Internet of Things (IoT) data and social media data are two of the fastest-growing data segments. Having high-quality data is crucial for making informed business decisions. The strategic process of leveraging insights from data is…
Blockchains and peer-to-peer systems are part of a trend towards computer systems that are "radically decentralised", by which we mean that they 1) run across many participants, 2) without central control, and 3) are such that qualities 1…
Companies claim to "democratise" artificial intelligence (AI) when they donate AI open source software (OSS) to non-profit foundations or release AI models, among others, but what does this term mean and why do they do it? As the impact of…
There is always demand for integrating data into microeconomic decision making. Participatory sensing deals with how real-world data may be extracted with stakeholder participation and resolves a problem of Big Data, which is concerned with…
In many self-organising systems the ability to extract necessary resources from the external environment is essential to the system's growth and survival. Examples include the extraction of sunlight and nutrients in organic plants, of…
Open data, as an essential element in the sustainable development of the digital economy, is highly valued by many relevant sectors in the implementation process. However, most studies suppose that there are only data providers and users in…
Voting mechanisms play a crucial role in decentralized governance of blockchain systems. Liquid democracy, also known as delegative voting, allows voters to vote directly or delegate their voting power to others, thereby contributing to the…
Real-time AI services increasingly operate across the device-edge-cloud continuum, where autonomous AI agents generate latency-sensitive workloads, orchestrate multi-stage processing pipelines, and compete for shared resources under policy…
Blockchains revolutionized centralized sectors like banking and finance by promoting decentralization and transparency. In a blockchain, information is transmitted through transactions issued by participants or applications. Miners…
Traditional centralized energy systems have the disadvantages of difficult management and insufficient incentives. Blockchain is an emerging technology, which can be utilized in energy systems to enhance their management and control.…
The Optimism Retroactive Project Funding (RetroPGF) is a key initiative within the blockchain ecosystem that retroactively rewards projects deemed valuable to the Ethereum and Optimism communities. Managed by the Optimism Collective, a…
This paper is concerned with the quantized consensus problem for uncertain nonlinear multi-agent systems under data-rate constraints and Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks. The agents are modeled in strict-feedback form with unknown nonlinear…
Autonomous AI agents present transformative opportunities and significant governance challenges. Existing frameworks, such as the EU AI Act and the NIST AI Risk Management Framework, fall short of addressing the complexities of these…
Digital Twin (DT) technology has become rather popular in recent years, promising to optimize production processes, manage the operation of cyber-physical systems, with an impact spanning across multiple application domains (e.g.,…