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In the analysis of multivariate spatial and univariate spatio-temporal data, it is commonly recognized that asymmetric dependence may exist, which can be addressed using an asymmetric (matrix or space-time, respectively) covariance function…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-29 Drew Yarger

One obstacle to ``elevating" correlation to causation is the phenomenon of confounding, i.e., when a correlation between two variables exists because both variables are in fact caused by a third variable. The situation where the confounders…

Applications · Statistics 2025-06-24 Caren Marzban , Yikun Zhang , Nicholas Bond , Michael Richman

In many applications, survey data are collected from different survey centers in different regions. It happens that in some circumstances, response variables are completely observed while the covariates have missing values. In this paper,…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-07-07 Zhihua Ma , Guanyu Hu , Ming-Hui Chen

Incorporating spatial information, particularly those influenced by climate, weather, and demographic factors, is crucial for improving underwriting precision and enhancing risk management in insurance. However, spatial data are often…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2025-11-25 Freek Holvoet , Christopher Blier-Wong , Katrien Antonio

Spatial functional data arise in many settings, such as particulate matter curves observed at monitoring stations and age population curves at each areal unit. Most existing functional regression models have limited applicability because…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-25 Heesang Lee , Dagun Oh , Sunhwa Choi , Jaewoo Park

Control for confounders in observational studies was generally handled through stratification and standardization until the 1960s. Standardization typically reweights the stratum-specific rates so that exposure categories become comparable.…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-03-11 Niels Keiding , David Clayton

Predicting species distributions using occupancy models accounting for imperfect detection is now commonplace in ecology. Recently, modelling spatial and temporal autocorrelation was proposed to alleviate the lack of replication in…

Applications · Statistics 2025-10-10 André Luís Luza , Didier Alard , Frédéric Barraquand

We present an extension of the functional data analysis framework for univariate functions to the analysis of surfaces: functions of two variables. The spatial spline regression (SSR) approach developed can be used to model surfaces that…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-06-17 Hien D. Nguyen , Geoffrey J. McLachlan , Ian A. Wood

Generative AI has achieved remarkable empirical success, but from the perspective of statistics it often remains opaque: its predictions may be accurate, yet the underlying mechanism is difficult to interpret, analyze, and trust. This book…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-11 Shinto Eguchi

Binary regression models are commonly used in disciplines such as epidemiology and ecology to determine how spatial covariates influence individuals. In many studies, binary data are shared in a spatially aggregated form to protect privacy.…

In this paper, we study the confounder detection problem in the linear model, where the target variable $Y$ is predicted using its $n$ potential causes $X_n=(x_1,...,x_n)^T$. Based on an assumption of rotation invariant generating process…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-07-31 Furui Liu , Laiwan Chan

We study the synchronization of two spatially extended dynamical systems where the models have imperfections. We show that the synchronization error across space can be visualized as a rough surface governed by the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2014-11-03 Diego Pazó , Juan M. López , Rafael Gallego , Miguel A. Rodríguez

Due to spatial dependence -- often characterized as complex and non-linear -- model misspecification is a prevalent and critical issue in spatial data analysis and prediction. As the data, and thus model performance, is heterogeneous,…

Deep learning methods achieve remarkable predictive performance in modeling complex, large-scale data. However, assessing the quality of derived models has become increasingly challenging, as more classical statistical assumptions may no…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-02 Daniele Zambon , Cesare Alippi

Inductive bias is a key factor in spatial regression models, determining how well a model can learn from limited data and capture spatial patterns. This work revisits the inductive biases in Geographically Neural Network Weighted Regression…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Zhenyuan Chen

This paper develops a novel spatial quantile function-on-scalar regression model, which studies the conditional spatial distribution of a high-dimensional functional response given scalar predictors. With the strength of both quantile…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-12-22 Zhengwu Zhang , Xiao Wang , Linglong Kong , Hongtu Zhu

Image generation models trained on large datasets can synthesize high-quality images but often produce spatially inconsistent and distorted images due to limited information about the underlying structures and spatial layouts. In this work,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Hyundo Lee , Suhyung Choi , Inwoo Hwang , Byoung-Tak Zhang

Nearly all spatial reasoning problems involve uncertainty of one sort or another. Uncertainty arises due to the inaccuracies of sensors used in measuring distances and angles. We refer to this as directional uncertainty. Uncertainty also…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-08 Kenneth Basye , Thomas L. Dean

We consider a class of inverse problems characterized by forward operators that are partially specified, non-smooth, and non-differentiable. Although generative inverse solvers have made significant progress, we find that these forward…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Sattwik Basu , Chaitanya Amballa , Zhongweiyang Xu , Jorge Vančo Sampedro , Srihari Nelakuditi , Romit Roy Choudhury

Multivariate spatial modeling is key to understanding the behavior of materials downstream in a mining operation. The ore recovery depends on the mineralogical composition, which needs to be properly captured by the model to allow for good…

Applications · Statistics 2023-10-03 Alvaro I. Riquelme , Julian M. Ortiz