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This paper introduces LLM-MARL, a unified framework that incorporates large language models (LLMs) into multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) to enhance coordination, communication, and generalization in simulated game environments. The…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Zhengyang Li , Sawyer Campos , Nana Wang

We present a reinforcement learning strategy for use in multi-agent foraging systems in which the learning is centralised to a single agent and its model is periodically disseminated among the population of non-learning agents. In a domain…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Ian O'Flynn , Harun Šiljak

Multi-task multi-agent reinforcement learning (MT-MARL) has recently gained attention for its potential to enhance MARL's adaptability across multiple tasks. However, it is challenging for existing multi-task learning methods to handle…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Guobin Zhu , Rui Zhou , Wenkang Ji , Hongyin Zhang , Donglin Wang , Shiyu Zhao

Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) for navigation enables agents to cooperate to achieve their navigation goals. Using emergent communication, agents learn a communication protocol to coordinate and share information that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Mohamed K. Abdelaziz , Mohammed S. Elbamby , Sumudu Samarakoon , Mehdi Bennis

In real-world environments, autonomous agents rely on their egocentric observations. They must learn adaptive strategies to interact with others who possess mixed motivations, discernible only through visible cues. Several Multi-Agent…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Violet Xiang , Logan Cross , Jan-Philipp Fränken , Nick Haber

Large agent networks are abundant in applications and nature and pose difficult challenges in the field of multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) due to their computational and theoretical complexity. While graphon mean field games and…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Christian Fabian , Kai Cui , Heinz Koeppl

The inability to communicate poses a major challenge to coordination in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). Prior work has explored correlating local policies via shared randomness, sometimes in the form of a correlation device, as a…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-12 John Gardiner , Orlando Romero , Brendan Tivnan , Nicolò Dal Fabbro , George J. Pappas

We consider a fully cooperative multi-agent system where agents cooperate to maximize a system's utility in a partial-observable environment. We propose that multi-agent systems must have the ability to (1) communicate and understand the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Jianyu Su , Stephen Adams , Peter A. Beling

While achieving tremendous success in various fields, existing multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) with a black-box neural network makes decisions in an opaque manner that hinders humans from understanding the learned knowledge and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Zichuan Liu , Yuanyang Zhu , Zhi Wang , Yang Gao , Chunlin Chen

This paper presents deep meta coordination graphs (DMCG) for learning cooperative policies in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). Coordination graph formulations encode local interactions and accordingly factorize the joint value…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Nikunj Gupta , James Zachary Hare , Jesse Milzman , Rajgopal Kannan , Viktor Prasanna

Large sequence model (SM) such as GPT series and BERT has displayed outstanding performance and generalization capabilities on vision, language, and recently reinforcement learning tasks. A natural follow-up question is how to abstract…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Muning Wen , Jakub Grudzien Kuba , Runji Lin , Weinan Zhang , Ying Wen , Jun Wang , Yaodong Yang

Cooperative grasping and transportation require effective coordination to complete the task. This study focuses on the approach leveraging force-sensing feedback, where robots use sensors to detect forces applied by others on an object to…

The process by which Large Language Models (LLMs) acquire complex capabilities during training remains a key open question in mechanistic interpretability. This project investigates whether these learning dynamics can be characterized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Elisabetta Rocchetti

Offline multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) with multi-task datasets is challenging due to varying numbers of agents across tasks and the need to generalize to unseen scenarios. Prior works employ transformers with observation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Jiwon Jeon , Myungsik Cho , Youngchul Sung

Large autoregressive models like Transformers can solve tasks through in-context learning (ICL) without learning new weights, suggesting avenues for efficiently solving new tasks. For many tasks, e.g., linear regression, the data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Sarthak Mittal , Eric Elmoznino , Leo Gagnon , Sangnie Bhardwaj , Tom Marty , Dhanya Sridhar , Guillaume Lajoie

Multi-agent systems (MAS) solve complex problems through coordinated autonomous entities with individual decision-making capabilities. While Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) enables these agents to learn intelligent strategies, it…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Xinren Zhang , Sixi Cheng , Zixin Zhong , Jiadong Yu

Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) approaches tackle the challenge of finding effective multi-agent cooperation strategies for accomplishing individual or shared objectives in multi-agent teams. In real-world scenarios,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Yasin Findik , Paul Robinette , Kshitij Jerath , S. Reza Ahmadzadeh

The creation and destruction of agents in cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) is a critically under-explored area of research. Current MARL algorithms often assume that the number of agents within a group remains fixed…

Transformers have recently revolutionized many domains in modern machine learning and one salient discovery is their remarkable in-context learning capability, where models can solve an unseen task by utilizing task-specific prompts without…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Yu Huang , Yuan Cheng , Yingbin Liang

Search is an ability foundational in many important tasks, and recent studies have shown that large language models (LLMs) struggle to perform search robustly. It is unknown whether this inability is due to a lack of data, insufficient…