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Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have emerged as a hardware efficient architecture for classification tasks. The challenge of spike-based encoding has been the lack of a universal training mechanism performed entirely using spikes. There have…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-08-25 Anmol Biswas , Vivek Saraswat , Udayan Ganguly

Communication by rare, binary spikes is a key factor for the energy efficiency of biological brains. However, it is harder to train biologically-inspired spiking neural networks (SNNs) than artificial neural networks (ANNs). This is…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Ana Stanojevic , Stanisław Woźniak , Guillaume Bellec , Giovanni Cherubini , Angeliki Pantazi , Wulfram Gerstner

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) offer inherent advantages for low-power inference through sparse, event-driven computation. However, the theoretical energy benefits of SNNs are often decoupled from real hardware performance due to the opaque…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Ilkin Aliyev , Jesus Lopez , Tosiron Adegbija

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have gained great attraction due to their distinctive properties of low power consumption and fast inference on neuromorphic hardware. As the most effective method to get deep SNNs, ANN-SNN conversion has…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-03-09 Tong Bu , Wei Fang , Jianhao Ding , PengLin Dai , Zhaofei Yu , Tiejun Huang

Computation using brain-inspired spiking neural networks (SNNs) with neuromorphic hardware may offer orders of magnitude higher energy efficiency compared to the current analog neural networks (ANNs). Unfortunately, training SNNs with the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Eimantas Ledinauskas , Julius Ruseckas , Alfonsas Juršėnas , Giedrius Buračas

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) have been gaining interest as energy-efficient alternatives of conventional artificial neural networks (ANNs) due to their event-driven computation. Considering the future deployment of SNN models to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Dongjin Lee , Seongsik Park , Jongwan Kim , Wuhyeong Doh , Sungroh Yoon

As the demand for compute power in traditional neural networks has increased significantly, spiking neural networks (SNNs) have emerged as a potential solution to increasingly power-hungry neural networks. By operating on 0/1 spikes emitted…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Andrew Fan , Simon D. Levy

Machine Learning (ML) is making a strong resurgence in tune with the massive generation of unstructured data which in turn requires massive computational resources. Due to the inherently compute- and power-intensive structure of Neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-27 Behzad Salami , Osman Unsal , Adrian Cristal

Recently, spiking neural networks (SNNs), deployed on neuromorphic chips, provide highly efficient solutions on edge devices in different scenarios. However, their ability to adapt to distribution shifts after deployment has become a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Kejie Zhao , Wenjia Hua , Aiersi Tuerhong , Luziwei Leng , Yuxin Ma , Qinghai Guo

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) employing unsupervised learning methods inspired by neural plasticity are expected to be a new framework for artificial intelligence. In this study, we investigated the effect of multiple types of neural…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Shinnosuke Touda , Hirotsugu Okuno

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are distinguished from Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) for their complex neuronal dynamics and sparse binary activations (spikes) inspired by the biological neural system. Traditional neuron models use…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Peng Xue , Wei Fang , Zhengyu Ma , Zihan Huang , Zhaokun Zhou , Yonghong Tian , Timothée Masquelier , Huihui Zhou

We describe a novel spiking neural network (SNN) for automated, real-time handwritten digit classification and its implementation on a GP-GPU platform. Information processing within the network, from feature extraction to classification is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-11-13 Shruti R. Kulkarni , John M. Alexiades , Bipin Rajendran

The combination of Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) with Vision Transformer architectures has garnered significant attention due to their potential for energy-efficient and high-performance computing paradigms. However, a substantial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Wei Hua , Chenlin Zhou , Jibin Wu , Yansong Chua , Yangyang Shu

In recent years, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) have become a standard in robotic control. However, a significant drawback of large-scale ANNs is their increased power consumption. This becomes a critical concern when designing autonomous…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-25 Tim Burgers , Stein Stroobants , Guido de Croon

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are bio-inspired networks that process information conveyed as temporal spikes rather than numeric values. A spiking neuron of an SNN only produces a spike whenever a significant number of spikes occur within…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-03-06 Mathias Gehrig , Sumit Bam Shrestha , Daniel Mouritzen , Davide Scaramuzza

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) offer an energy-efficient alternative to conventional deep learning by emulating the event-driven processing manner of the brain. Incorporating Transformers with SNNs has shown promise for accuracy. However,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Yuetong Fang , Ziqing Wang , Lingfeng Zhang , Jiahang Cao , Honglei Chen , Renjing Xu

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) represent the forefront of neuromorphic computing, promising energy-efficient and biologically plausible models for complex tasks. This paper weaves together three groundbreaking studies that revolutionize SNN…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Biswadeep Chakraborty , Saibal Mukhopadhyay

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have recently emerged as an alternative to deep learning owing to sparse, asynchronous and binary event (or spike) driven processing, that can yield huge energy efficiency benefits on neuromorphic hardware.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-12 Youngeun Kim , Priyadarshini Panda

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) offer a biologically inspired foundation for low-power, event-driven intelligence, yet their direct on-chip supervised training remains a key hardware challenge. This paper presents a multiplication-free,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Maryam Mirsadeghi , Mojtaba Mirbagheri , Saeed Reza Kheradpisheh

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are a natural computational model for on-sensor and near-sensor vision, where event driven processors must operate under strict power budgets with hard binary spikes. However, models trained with surrogate…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Maximilian Nicholson
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