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Class-incremental learning (CIL) aims to develop a learning system that can continually learn new classes from a data stream without forgetting previously learned classes. When learning classes incrementally, the classifier must be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Minqian Liu , Lifu Huang

Class-incremental learning (CIL) aims to train a classification model while the number of classes increases phase-by-phase. An inherent challenge of CIL is the stability-plasticity tradeoff, i.e., CIL models should keep stable to retain old…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Yaoyao Liu , Yingying Li , Bernt Schiele , Qianru Sun

The rehearsal strategy is widely used to alleviate the catastrophic forgetting problem in class incremental learning (CIL) by preserving limited exemplars from previous tasks. With imbalanced sample numbers between old and new classes, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-28 Xiuwei Chen , Xiaobin Chang

Image classification plays a pivotal role across diverse applications, yet challenges persist when models are deployed in real-world scenarios. Notably, these models falter in detecting unfamiliar classes that were not incorporated during…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Butian Xiong , Liguang Zhou , Tin Lun Lam , Yangsheng Xu

Incremental learning attempts to develop a classifier which learns continuously from a stream of data segregated into different classes. Deep learning approaches suffer from catastrophic forgetting when learning classes incrementally, while…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-31 Ali Ayub , Alan Wagner

Continual learning (CL) enables models to adapt to new tasks and environments without forgetting previously learned knowledge. While current CL setups have ignored the relationship between labels in the past task and the new task with or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Byung Hyun Lee , Okchul Jung , Jonghyun Choi , Se Young Chun

Existing open set recognition (OSR) methods are typically designed for static scenarios, where models aim to classify known classes and identify unknown ones within fixed scopes. This deviates from the expectation that the model should…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Runqing Yang , Yimin Fu , Changyuan Wu , Zhunga Liu

The problem of continual learning has attracted rising attention in recent years. However, few works have questioned the commonly used learning setup, based on a task curriculum of random class. This differs significantly from human…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-13 Yuzhao Chen , Zonghuan Li , Zhiyuan Hu , Nuno Vasconcelos

Class incremental learning (CIL) trains a network on sequential tasks with separated categories in each task but suffers from catastrophic forgetting, where models quickly lose previously learned knowledge when acquiring new tasks. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Huiping Zhuang , Yizhu Chen , Di Fang , Run He , Kai Tong , Hongxin Wei , Ziqian Zeng , Cen Chen

Targeted for real world scenarios, online continual learning aims to learn new tasks from sequentially available data under the condition that each data is observed only once by the learner. Though recent works have made remarkable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-02-14 Jiangpeng He , Fengqing Zhu

Class incremental learning (CIL) aims to recognize both the old and new classes along the increment tasks. Deep neural networks in CIL suffer from catastrophic forgetting and some approaches rely on saving exemplars from previous tasks,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Xiuwei Chen , Xiaobin Chang

Class-incremental learning (CIL) aims to train a model to learn new classes from non-stationary data streams without forgetting old ones. In this paper, we propose a new kind of connectionist model by tailoring neural unit dynamics that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Depeng Li , Tianqi Wang , Junwei Chen , Wei Dai , Zhigang Zeng

Machine learning models for sensor-based human activity recognition (HAR) are expected to adapt post-deployment to recognize new activities and different ways of performing existing ones. To address this need, Online Continual Learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Yao Zhang , Souza Leite Clayton , Yu Xiao

Class-incremental learning (CIL) is a particularly challenging variant of continual learning, where the goal is to learn to discriminate between all classes presented in an incremental fashion. Existing approaches often suffer from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Michał Zając , Tinne Tuytelaars , Gido M. van de Ven

Existing continual learning techniques focus on either task incremental learning (TIL) or class incremental learning (CIL) problem, but not both. CIL and TIL differ mainly in that the task-id is provided for each test sample during testing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-18 Gyuhak Kim , Sepideh Esmaeilpour , Changnan Xiao , Bing Liu

Non-exemplar class-incremental learning (NECIL) is to resist catastrophic forgetting without saving old class samples. Prior methodologies generally employ simple rules to generate features for replaying, suffering from large distribution…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Jichuan Zhang , Yali Li , Xin Liu , Shengjin Wang

In Online Continual Learning (OCL), a neural network sequentially learns from a non-stationary data stream in a single-pass with access only to a limited memory replay buffer. This contrasts sharply with off-line continual learning where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Ankita Awasthi , Marco Apolinario , Kaushik Roy

Classic supervised learning makes the closed-world assumption, meaning that classes seen in testing must have been seen in training. However, in the dynamic world, new or unseen class examples may appear constantly. A model working in such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-03-05 Hu Xu , Bing Liu , Lei Shu , P. Yu

Unsupervised video class incremental learning (uVCIL) represents an important learning paradigm for learning video information without forgetting, and without considering any data labels. Prior approaches have focused on supervised…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Nattapong Kurpukdee , Adrian G. Bors

Online continual learning (OCL) enables real-time adaptation to new data, making it crucial for dynamic robotic applications. However, its practical deployment is hindered by memory constraints in resource-limited systems, which affect key…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-27 Zexin Li , Nikil Dutt , Cong Liu