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Recent "Thinking with Video" approaches use Video Generation Models (VGMs) for visual reasoning by producing temporally coherent Chain-of-Frames as reasoning artifacts. Even strong VGMs, however, exhibit two recurring failure modes on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Joowon Kim , Seungho Shin , Joonhyung Park , Eunho Yang

Raven's Progressive Matrices (RPMs) are frequently used in evaluating human's visual reasoning ability. Researchers have made considerable efforts in developing systems to automatically solve the RPM problem, often through a black-box…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-06 Wentao He , Jianfeng Ren , Ruibin Bai , Xudong Jiang

Despite exciting recent results showing vision-language systems' capacity to reason about images using natural language, their capacity for video reasoning remains under-explored. We motivate framing video reasoning as the sequential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Vaishnavi Himakunthala , Andy Ouyang , Daniel Rose , Ryan He , Alex Mei , Yujie Lu , Chinmay Sonar , Michael Saxon , William Yang Wang

While language reasoning models excel in many tasks, visual reasoning remains challenging for current large multimodal models (LMMs). As a result, most LMMs default to verbalizing perceptual content into text, a strong limitation for tasks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-27 André G. Viveiros , Nuno Gonçalves , Matthias Lindemann , André Martins

In the era of Vision-Language Models (VLMs), enhancing multimodal reasoning capabilities remains a critical challenge, particularly in handling ambiguous or complex visual inputs, where initial inferences often lead to hallucinations or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Haoyu Zhang , Yuwei Wu , Pengxiang Li , Xintong Zhang , Zhi Gao , Rui Gao , Mingyang Gao , Che Sun , Yunde Jia

Vision language models (VLMs) are increasingly capable of reasoning over images, but robust visual reasoning often requires re-grounding intermediate steps in the underlying visual evidence. Recent approaches typically rely on external…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Zeru Shi , Kai Mei , Yihao Quan , Dimitris N. Metaxas , Ruixiang Tang

Knowledge-intensive visual question answering (VQA) requires external knowledge beyond image content, demanding precise visual grounding and coherent integration of visual and textual information. Although multimodal retrieval-augmented…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Changin Choi , Wonseok Lee , Jungmin Ko , Wonjong Rhee

Despite significant advances in Vision Language Models (VLMs), they remain constrained by the complexity and redundancy of visual input. When images contain large amounts of irrelevant information, VLMs are susceptible to interference, thus…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Xinyu Zhang , Yuxuan Dong , Lingling Zhang , Chengyou Jia , Zhuohang Dang , Basura Fernando , Jun Liu , Mike Zheng Shou

Reasoning is a critical ability towards complete visual understanding. To develop machine with cognition-level visual understanding and reasoning abilities, the visual commonsense reasoning (VCR) task has been introduced. In VCR, given a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Dandan Song , Siyi Ma , Zhanchen Sun , Sicheng Yang , Lejian Liao

In-context imitation learning enables robots to adapt to new tasks from a small number of demonstrations without additional training. However, existing approaches typically condition only on state-action trajectories and lack explicit…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Toan Nguyen , Weiduo Yuan , Songlin Wei , Hui Li , Daniel Seita , Yue Wang

Image-based visual-language (I-VL) pre-training has shown great success for learning joint visual-textual representations from large-scale web data, revealing remarkable ability for zero-shot generalisation. This paper presents a simple but…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-18 Chen Ju , Tengda Han , Kunhao Zheng , Ya Zhang , Weidi Xie

Recent advancements in Chain-of-Thought (CoT) and related rationale-based works have significantly improved the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) in complex reasoning tasks. With the evolution of Multimodal Large Language Models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Qiji Zhou , Ruochen Zhou , Zike Hu , Panzhong Lu , Siyang Gao , Yue Zhang

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) and their multimodal extensions (MLLMs) have substantially enhanced machine reasoning across diverse tasks. However, these models predominantly rely on pure text as the medium for both…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Yi Xu , Chengzu Li , Han Zhou , Xingchen Wan , Caiqi Zhang , Anna Korhonen , Ivan Vulić

Enhancing the multimodal reasoning capabilities of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) is a challenging task that has attracted increasing attention in the community. Recently, several studies have applied Reinforcement Learning with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Tong Xiao , Xin Xu , Zhenya Huang , Hongyu Gao , Quan Liu , Qi Liu , Enhong Chen

Current Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision-Language Large Models (LVLMs) excel in single-turn tasks but face significant challenges in multi-turn interactions requiring deep contextual understanding and complex visual reasoning, often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Weijie Shen , Xinrui Wang , Yuanqi Nie , Apiradee Boonmee

Humans are able to accurately reason in 3D by gathering multi-view observations of the surrounding world. Inspired by this insight, we introduce a new large-scale benchmark for 3D multi-view visual question answering (3DMV-VQA). This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Yining Hong , Chunru Lin , Yilun Du , Zhenfang Chen , Joshua B. Tenenbaum , Chuang Gan

Vision-Language Models often struggle with complex visual reasoning due to the visual information loss in textual CoT. Existing methods either add the cost of tool calls or rely on localized patch-based embeddings that are insufficient to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Mengdan Zhu , Senhao Cheng , Liang Zhao

Recent work on reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has shown that large language models (LLMs) can be substantially improved using outcome-level verification signals, such as unit tests for code or exact-match checks for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Massimiliano Pronesti , Anya Belz , Yufang Hou

Visual reasoning in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) has primarily been studied in static, fully observable settings, limiting their effectiveness in real-world environments where information is often incomplete due to occlusion or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Weijie Zhou , Xuantang Xiong , Yi Peng , Manli Tao , Chaoyang Zhao , Honghui Dong , Ming Tang , Jinqiao Wang

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) often suffer from visual hallucinations: generating things that are not consistent with visual inputs and language shortcuts, where they skip the visual part and just rely on text priors. These issues arise…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Zongxia Li , Wenhao Yu , Chengsong Huang , Zhenwen Liang , Rui Liu , Fuxiao Liu , Jingxi Che , Dian Yu , Jordan Boyd-Graber , Haitao Mi , Dong Yu