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The appeal of thermodynamics to problems outside physics is undeniable, as is the growing recognition of its apparent universality, yet in the absence of a rigorous formalism divorced from the peculiarities of molecular systems all attempts…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-07-06 Themis Matsoukas

Stochastic thermodynamics provides a framework for describing small systems like colloids or biomolecules driven out of equilibrium but still in contact with a heat bath. Both, a first-law like energy balance involving exchanged heat and…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2012-05-21 Udo Seifert

We outline an unified introduction to the evolution equations of classical and quantum systems intended for a high school students audience. The attempt consists in circumventing the lack of mathematical knowledge with the use of simplified…

Physics Education · Physics 2017-06-01 Emilio Balzano , Eliana D'Ambrosio , Rodolfo Figari

The stochastic nature of chemical reactions involving randomly fluctuating population sizes has lead to a growing research interest in discrete-state stochastic models and their analysis. A widely-used approach is the description of the…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2015-10-01 Alexander Andreychenko , Luca Bortolussi , Ramon Grima , Philipp Thomas , Verena Wolf

The chemical diffusion master equation (CDME) describes the probabilistic dynamics of reaction--diffusion systems at the molecular level [del Razo et al., Lett. Math. Phys. 112:49, 2022]; it can be considered the master equation for…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-01-23 Mauricio J. del Razo , Stefanie Winkelmann , Rupert Klein , Felix Höfling

Generalized quantum master equations (GQMEs) are an important tool in modeling chemical and physical processes. For a large number of problems it has been shown that exact and approximate quantum dynamics methods can be made dramatically…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2016-05-25 Aaron Kelly , Andrés Montoya-Castillo , Lu Wang , Thomas E. Markland

The classical and quantum evolution of a generic probability distribution is analyzed. To that end, a formalism based on the decomposition of the distribution in terms of its statistical moments is used, which makes explicit the differences…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-11-04 David Brizuela

The chemical master equation (CME), which describes the discrete and stochastic molecule number dynamics associated with biological processes like transcription, is difficult to solve analytically. It is particularly hard to solve for…

Subcellular Processes · Quantitative Biology 2021-03-23 John J. Vastola , Gennady Gorin , Lior Pachter , William R. Holmes

Chemical reaction networks describe interactions between biochemical species. Once an underlying reaction network is given for a biochemical system, the system dynamics can be modelled with various mathematical frameworks such as continuous…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-06-22 German Enciso , Radek Erban , Jinsu Kim

We present a numerical approximation technique for the analysis of continuous-time Markov chains that describe networks of biochemical reactions and play an important role in the stochastic modeling of biological systems. Our approach is…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2010-05-06 Thomas A. Henzinger , Maria Mateescu , Linar Mikeev , Verena Wolf

We review progress towards direct simulation of quantum dynamics in many-body systems, using recently developed stochastic gauge techniques. We consider master equations, canonical ensemble calculations and reversible quantum dynamics are…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2017-08-23 P. D. Drummond , P. Deuar , J. F. Corney , K. V. Kheruntsyan

All-atom simulations can provide molecular-level insights into the dynamics of gas-phase, condensed-phase and surface processes. One important requirement is a sufficiently realistic and detailed description of the underlying intermolecular…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2022-06-15 K. Töpfer , M. Upadhyay , M. Meuwly

Molecular dynamics simulations are widely used across chemistry, physics, and biology, providing quantitative insight into complex processes with atomic detail. However, their limited timescale of a few microseconds is a significant…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-04-10 Ofir Blumer , Barak Hirshberg

The stochastic thermodynamics of a dilute, well-stirred mixture of chemically-reacting species is built on the stochastic trajectories of reaction events obtained from the Chemical Master Equation. However, when the molecular populations…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-07-04 Jordan M. Horowitz

This work reviews deterministic and diffusion approximations of the stochastic chemical reaction networks and explains their applications. We discuss the added value the diffusion approximation provides for systems with different phenomena,…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-01-15 Pavel Mozgunov , Marco Beccuti , Andras Horvath , Thomas Jaki , Roberta Sirovich , Enrico Bibbona

Plasmas in which there is a threshold for a dominant reaction to take place (such as recombination or attachment) will have particle distributions that evolve as the reaction progresses. The form of the Boltzmann collision term in such a…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2008-10-13 D A Diver , L F A Teodoro , C S MacLachlan , H E Potts

Stochastic modeling of chemical reaction systems based on master equations has been an indispensable tool in physical sciences. In the long-time limit, the properties of these systems are characterized by stationary distributions of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-05-03 Yuji Hirono , Ryo Hanai

Reaction diffusion systems describe the behaviour of dynamic, interacting, particulate systems. Quantum stochastic processes generalise Brownian motion and Poisson processes, having operator valued It\^{o} calculus machinery. Here it is…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2023-05-31 Chris D Greenman

Advanced observational facilities allow to trace back the chemical evolution of the Universe, on the one hand, from local objects of different ages and, secondly, by direct observations of redshifted objects. The chemical enrichment serves…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-18 Gerhard Hensler , Simone Recchi

The kinetics of chemical reactions are determined by the law of mass action, which has been successfully applied to homogeneous, dilute mixtures. At non-dilute conditions, interactions among the components can give rise to coexisting…