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Self-propulsion and navigation due to the sensing of environmental conditions - such as durotaxis and chemotaxis - are remarkable properties of biological cells that cannot be reproduced by single-component self-propelled particles. We…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-06-03 Clara Abaurrea-Velasco , Thorsten Auth , Gerhard Gompper

This report investigates the modular organisation of the Central region in the Drosophila connectome. We identify groups of neurones amongst which information circulates rapidly before spreading to the rest of the network using Infomap. We…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2024-12-19 Peter Grindrod , Renaud Lambiotte , Rohit Sahasrabuddhe

We derive a model describing spatio-temporal organization of an array of microtubules interacting via molecular motors. Starting from a stochastic model of inelastic polar rods with a generic anisotropic interaction kernel we obtain a set…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2007-05-23 Igor S. Aronson , Lev S. Tsimring

Formation of spatial patterns of cells is a recurring theme in biology and often depends on regulated cell motility. Motility of M. xanthus depends on two motility machineries: the S-engine and A-engine. Moving M. xanthus cells can organize…

Contractile forces are essential for many developmental processes involving cell shape change and tissue deformation. Recent experiments on reconstituted actomyosin networks, the major component of the contractile machinery, have shown that…

Biological Physics · Physics 2012-05-31 Shenshen Wang , Peter G. Wolynes

We study the transport of bacteria in a porous media modeled by a square channel containing one cylindrical obstacle via molecular dynamics simulations coupled to a lattice Boltzmann fluid. Our bacteria model is a rod-shaped rigid body…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2020-11-30 Miru Lee , Christoph Lohrmann , Kai Szuttor , Harold Auradou , Christian Holm

Axon guidance (AG) towards their target during embryogenesis or after injury is an important issue in the development of neuronal networks. During their growth, axons often face complex decisions that are difficult to understand when…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2015-08-10 Rui Ponte Costa

Anomalously slow passive diffusion, $\langle \delta x^2(t)\rangle\simeq t^{\alpha}$, with $0<\alpha<1$, of larger tracers such as messenger RNA and endogenous submicron granules in the cytoplasm of living biological cells has been…

Biological Physics · Physics 2014-09-24 Igor Goychuk , Vasyl O. Kharchenko , Ralf Metzler

Chemotaxis combines three processes: directional sensing, polarity reorientation and migration. Directed migration plays an important role in immune response, metastasis, wound healing and development. To describe chemotaxis, we extend a…

Biological Physics · Physics 2023-12-04 Pedro C. Dal-Castel , Gilberto L. Thomas , Gabriel C. Perrone , Rita M. C. de Almeida

Self-propelled particles possessing permanent magnetic dipole moments occur naturally in magnetotactic bacteria and in man-made systems like active colloids or micro-robots. Yet, the interplay between self-propulsion and anisotropic…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-04-29 Maria Kelidou , Mohammad Fazelzadeh , Baptiste Parage , Sara Jabbari Farouji

Motor proteins drive persistent motion and self-organisation of cytoskeletal filaments. However, state-of-the-art microscopy techniques and continuum modelling approaches focus on large length and time scales. Here, we perform…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-06-03 Gerrit Vliegenthart , Arvind Ravichandran , Marisol Ripoll , Thorsten Auth , Gerhard Gompper

The migration behavior of colliding cells is critically determined by transient contact-interactions. During these interactions, the motility machinery, including the front-rear polarization of the cell, dynamically responds to surface…

From intracellular protein trafficking to large scale motion of animal groups, the physical concepts driving the self-organization of living systems are still largely unraveled. Selforganization of active entities, leading to novel phases…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2019-11-12 Benoit Vincenti , Gabriel Ramos , Maria Luisa Cordero , Carine Douarche , Rodrigo Soto , Eric Clément

It is known from the wave-like motion of microtubules in motility assays that the piconewton forces that motors produce can be sufficient to bend the filaments. In cellular phenomena such as cytosplasmic streaming, molecular motors…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2017-07-11 Gabriele De Canio , Eric Lauga , Raymond E. Goldstein

Orientational order, encoded in anisotropic fields, plays an important role during the development of an organism. A striking example of this is the freshwater polyp Hydra, where topological defects in the muscle fiber orientation have been…

Biological Physics · Physics 2023-03-24 Zihang Wang , M. Cristina Marchetti , Fridtjof Brauns

Convolutional neural networks are powerful tools for image segmentation and classification. Here, we use this method to identify and mark the heart region of Drosophila at different developmental stages in the cross-sectional images…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-24 Lian Duan , Xi Qin , Yuanhao He , Xialin Sang , Jinda Pan , Tao Xu , Jing Men , Rudolph E. Tanzi , Airong Li , Yutao Ma , Chao Zhou

Using Brownian dynamics (BD) simulations we investigate the self-organization of a monolayer of chiral active particles with dipolar interactions. Each particle is driven by both, translational and rotational self-propulsion, and carries a…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-07-13 Guo-Jun Liao , Sabine H. L. Klapp

We numerically investigate how spatial variations of extensile or contractile active stress affect bulk active nematic systems in two and three dimensions. In the absence of defects, activity gradients drive flows which re-orient the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-06-15 Liam J Ruske , Julia M Yeomans

Phagocytosis and receptor-mediated endocytosis are vitally important particle uptake mechanisms in many cell types, ranging from single-cell organisms to immune cells. In both processes, engulfment by the cell depends critically on both…

Cell Behavior · Quantitative Biology 2016-06-02 David M. Richards , Robert G. Endres

Animal morphogenesis often involves significant shape changes of epithelial tissue sheets. Great progress has been made in understanding the underlying cellular driving forces and their coordination through biomechanical feedback loops.…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-09-23 Nikolas H. Claussen , Fridtjof Brauns