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Starting from the Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN), continuing with the virtual Radio Access Network (vRAN) and most recently with Open RAN (O-RAN) initiative, Radio Access Network (RAN) architectures have significantly evolved in the…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Pedro Enrique Iturria Rivera , Shahram Mollahasani , Melike Erol-Kantarci

The emergence of the open radio access network (O-RAN) architecture offers a paradigm shift in cellular network management and service orchestration, leveraging data-driven, intent-based, autonomous, and intelligent solutions. Within O-RAN,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Mohammad Asif Habibi , Bin Han , Merve Saimler , Ignacio Labrador Pavon , Hans D. Schotten

The rapid evolution of Industry 4.0 has led to the emergence of smart factories, where multirobot system autonomously operates to enhance productivity, reduce operational costs, and improve system adaptability. However, maintaining reliable…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Faisal Ahmed , Myungjin Lee , Shao-Yu Lien , Suresh Subramaniam , Motoharu Matsuura , Hiroshi Hasegawa , Shih-Chun Lin

Distributed scheduling is essential for open radio access network (O-RAN) employing advanced physical-layer techniques such as multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO), carrier aggregation (CA), and joint transmission (JT). This work investigates the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-31 Tenghao Cai , Lei Li , Tsung-Hui Chang

The Open Radio Access Network (RAN) and its embodiment through the O-RAN Alliance specifications are poised to revolutionize the telecom ecosystem. O-RAN promotes virtualized RANs where disaggregated components are connected via open…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-08-03 Michele Polese , Leonardo Bonati , Salvatore D'Oro , Stefano Basagni , Tommaso Melodia

Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) architectures enable flexible, scalable, and cost-efficient mobile networks by disaggregating and virtualizing baseband functions. However, this flexibility introduces significant challenges for resource…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Duc-Thinh Ngo , Kandaraj Piamrat , Ons Aouedi , Thomas Hassan , Philippe Raipin-Parvédy

While the Open Radio Access Network Alliance (O-RAN) architecture enables third-party applications to optimize radio access networks at multiple timescales, real-time distributed applications (dApps) that demand low latency, high…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-19 João Paulo Esper , Yure Freitas , Pedro Souza , Bruno Silvestre , Joao F. Santos , Alexandre Huff , Cristiano Both , Kleber Cardoso

The Open Radio Access Network (Open RAN) paradigm, and its reference architecture proposed by the O-RAN Alliance, is paving the way toward open, interoperable, observable and truly intelligent cellular networks. Crucial to this evolution is…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Raoul Raftopoulos , Salvatore D'Oro , Tommaso Melodia , Giovanni Schembra

Next-generation networks utilize the Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) architecture to enable dynamic resource management, facilitated by the RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC). While deep reinforcement learning (DRL) models show promise in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Fatemeh Lotfi , Hossein Rajoli , Fatemeh Afghah

This tutorial seeks to outline the proposed Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) deployment for Fifth generation (5G) wireless networks. O-RAN seeks to supplant hardware-specific Radio Access Network (RAN) components (e.g., the mobility…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Paul H. Masur , Jeffrey H. Reed

Open Radio Access Networks (O-RAN) are transforming telecommunications by shifting from centralized to distributed architectures, promoting flexibility, interoperability, and innovation through open interfaces and multi-vendor environments.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Zaineh Abughazzah , Emna Baccour , Ahmed Refaey , Amr Mohamed , Mounir Hamdi

To address the limitations of traditional over-the-air federated learning (OA-FL) such as limited server coverage and low resource utilization, we propose an OA-FL in MIMO cloud radio access network (MIMO Cloud-RAN) framework, where edge…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Haoming Ma , Xiaojun Yuan , Zhi Ding

The Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (M-MIMO) is considered as one of the key technologies in 5G, and future 6G networks. From the perspective of, e.g., channel estimation, especially for high-speed users it is easier to implement an…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Marcin Hoffmann , Pawel Kryszkiewicz

The traditional black-box and monolithic approach to Radio Access Networks (RANs) has heavily limited flexibility and innovation. The Open RAN paradigm, and the architecture proposed by the O-RAN ALLIANCE, aim to address these limitations…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Nicolo Longhi , Salvatore D'Oro , Leonardo Bonati , Michele Polese , Roberto Verdone , Tommaso Melodia

The radio access network (RAN) part of the next-generation wireless networks will require efficient solutions for satisfying low latency and high-throughput services. The open RAN (O-RAN) is one of the candidates to achieve this goal, in…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Turgay Pamuklu , Shahram Mollahasani , Melike Erol-Kantarci

In this work, we present the design for both pilot-uncoupled and pilot-free on-off multiple access (ODMA) receivers in unsourced random access (URA) for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. Unlike pilot-coupled ODMA, where on-off…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Zhentian Zhang , Jian Dang , Zaichen Zhang

Pilot contamination remains a major bottleneck in realizing the full potential of distributed massive MIMO systems. We propose two dynamic and scalable pilot assignment schemes designed for practical deployment in such networks. First, we…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Mohd Saif Ali Khan , Karthik RM , Samar Agnihotri

In this paper, we explore various multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) techniques to design grant-free random access (RA) schemes for low-complexity, low-power battery operated devices in massive machine-type communication (mMTC)…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-02-16 Muhammad Awais Jadoon , Adriano Pastore , Monica Navarro , Alvaro Valcarce

With wireless devices increasingly forming a unified smart network for seamless, user-friendly operations, random access (RA) medium access control (MAC) design is considered a key solution for handling unpredictable data traffic from…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Myeung Suk Oh , Zhiyao Zhang , FNU Hairi , Alvaro Velasquez , Jia Liu

In spite of the new opportunities brought about by the Open RAN, advances in ML-based network automation have been slow, mainly because of the unavailability of large-scale datasets and experimental testing infrastructure. This slows down…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-01-13 Michele Polese , Leonardo Bonati , Salvatore D'Oro , Stefano Basagni , Tommaso Melodia