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Scatterplots provide a visual representation of bivariate data (or 2D embeddings of multivariate data) that allows for effective analyses of data dependencies, clusters, trends, and outliers. Unfortunately, classical scatterplots suffer…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Hennes Rave , Vladimir Molchanov , Lars Linsen

The focus of this paper is on the quantification of sampling variation in frequentist probabilistic forecasts. We propose a method of constructing confidence sets that respects the functional nature of the forecast distribution, and use…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-08-09 David Harris , Gael M. Martin , Indeewara Perera , D. S. Poskitt

Natural language and visualization are being increasingly deployed together for supporting data analysis in different ways, from multimodal interaction to enriched data summaries and insights. Yet, researchers still lack systematic…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-09-30 Rafael Henkin , Cagatay Turkay

In applied probability, the normal approximation is often used for the distribution of data with assumed additive structure. This tradition is based on the central limit theorem for sums of (independent) random variables. However, it is…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-10-27 Alexandra Dorofeeva , Victor Korolev , Alexander Zeifman

One aim of data mining is the identification of interesting structures in data. For better analytical results, the basic properties of an empirical distribution, such as skewness and eventual clipping, i.e. hard limits in value ranges, need…

Applications · Statistics 2020-09-08 Michael C. Thrun , Tino Gehlert , Alfred Ultsch

While we typically focus on data visualization as a tool for facilitating cognitive tasks (e.g., learning facts, making decisions), we know relatively little about their second-order impacts on our opinions, attitudes, and values. For…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Eli Holder , Cindy Xiong Bearfield

We present a general approach to visualizing uncertainty in static 2-D statistical graphics. If we treat a visualization as a function of its underlying quantities, uncertainty in those quantities induces a distribution over images. We show…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-10 Bernarda Petek , David Nabergoj , Erik Štrumbelj

The modeling of probability distributions, specifically generative modeling and density estimation, has become an immensely popular subject in recent years by virtue of its outstanding performance on sophisticated data such as images and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-01-02 Hongkang Yang

The ability to read, understand, and comprehend visual information representations is subsumed under the term visualization literacy (VL). One possibility to improve the use of information visualizations is to introduce adaptations.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-07-18 Marc Satkowski , Franziska Kessler , Susanne Narciss , Raimund Dachselt

The problem of fitting an event distribution when the total expected number of events is not fixed, keeps appearing in experimental studies. In a chi-square fit, if overall normalization is one of the parameters parameters to be fit, the…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2015-07-01 Byron Roe

Understanding and comparing distributions of data (e.g., regarding their modes, shapes, or outliers) is a common challenge in many scientific disciplines. Typically, this challenge is addressed using side-by-side comparisons of histograms…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Anja Heim , Eduard Gröller , Christoph Heinzl

We consider the problem of estimating the distribution underlying an observed sample of data. Instead of maximum likelihood, which maximizes the probability of the ob served values, we propose a different estimate, the high-profile…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-07-19 Alon Orlitsky , Narayana Santhanam , Krishnamurthy Viswanathan , Junan Zhang

In this article we present very intuitive, easy to follow, yet mathematically rigorous, approach to the so called data fitting process. Rather than minimizing the distance between measured and simulated data points, we prefer to find such…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2017-08-07 Marek W. Gutowski

Understanding how people perceive visualizations is crucial for designing effective visual data representations; however, many heuristic design guidelines are derived from specific tasks or visualization types, without considering the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Arran Zeyu Wang , Ghulam Jilani Quadri , Mengyuan Zhu , Chin Tseng , Danielle Albers Szafir

Random forests are a machine learning method used to automatically classify datasets and consist of a multitude of decision trees. While these random forests often have higher performance and generalize better than a single decision tree,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Max Sondag , Christofer Meinecke , Dennis Collaris , Tatiana von Landesberger , Stef van den Elzen

Scatterplots are a common tool for exploring multidimensional datasets, especially in the form of scatterplot matrices (SPLOMs). However, scatterplots suffer from overplotting when categorical variables are mapped to one or two axes, or the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Deokgun Park , Sung-Hee Kim , Niklas Elmqvist

When multiple forecasts are available for a probability distribution, forecast combining enables a pragmatic synthesis of the information to extract the wisdom of the crowd. The linear opinion pool has been widely used, whereby the…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-02-25 James W. Taylor , Xiaochun Meng

Probabilistic classifiers output a probability distribution on target classes rather than just a class prediction. Besides providing a clear separation of prediction and decision making, the main advantage of probabilistic models is their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-20 Juozas Vaicenavicius , David Widmann , Carl Andersson , Fredrik Lindsten , Jacob Roll , Thomas B. Schön

Geometry constitutes a core set of intuitions present in all humans, regardless of their language or schooling [1]. Could brain's built in machinery for processing geometric information take part in uncertainty representation? For decades…

Pricing of Securities · Quantitative Finance 2022-09-12 Felix Polyakov

Analysts often make visual causal inferences about possible data-generating models. However, visual analytics (VA) software tends to leave these models implicit in the mind of the analyst, which casts doubt on the statistical validity of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-07-29 Alex Kale , Yifan Wu , Jessica Hullman